Dysfunctional personality traits in university students of Buenos Aires

En la sección III del DSM-5 se propone un modelo alternativo para evaluar los trastornos de personalidad, en cuyo criterio B se postula un modelo dimensional de rasgos disfuncionales de personalidad compuesto por cinco dominios y 25 rasgos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar dichos dominios y rasgos en estudiantes universitarios de Buenos Aires.  La muestra se compuso de 453 estudiantes universitarios de instituciones públicas y privadas (52.30% mujeres, 47.70% varones) con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 35 años (M = 24.26, DE = 3.73). Se recolectaron datos con una encuesta sociodemográfica y de datos académicos básicos, así como con el Inventario para Trastornos de la Personalidad para el DSM‐5 (PID-5). Para analizar diferencias en los dominios y rasgos según sexo y tipo de carrera se llevaron a cabo análisis de MANOVA. Se calcularon correlaciones r de Pearson para examinar la asociación de los dominios y rasgos con el rendimiento académico. Se halló que las mujeres presentaron medias superiores Afecto Negativo, Ansiedad y Labilidad Emocional, y los hombres, en Antagonismo, Búsqueda de Atención, Insensibilidad, Engaño, Grandiosidad, Manipulación, Toma de Riesgo y Excentricidad. Examinado diferencias según tipo de carrera, se detectó un patrón de medias inferiores en los alumnos de Ciencias Humanas. Al analizar el vínculo con el rendimiento académico, se encontraron asociaciones negativas con el índice de aprobación, mientras que positivas con los índices de aplazos, asignaturas libres y recursadas. En conclusión, se efectuó una primera aproximación al estudio del modelo de rasgos disfuncionales en población local universitaria, analizado su vínculo con variables sociodemográficas y académicas.Section III of the DSM-5 proposes an alternative model to assess personality disorders, in which criterion B postulated a dimensional model of dysfunctional personality traits composed of five domains and 25 traits. The aim of this paper was to analyze these domains and traits in university students of Buenos Aires. The sample consisted of 453 university students from public and private institutions (52.30% female, 47.70% male) aged between 18 and 35 years (M = 24.26, SD = 3.73). Data were collected using a survey of sociodemographic and basic academic data; as well as the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). In order to analyze differences in domains and traits according to sex and type of career, MANOVA analyzes were carried out. Pearson's r correlations were calculated to examine the association of domains and traits with academic performance. It was found that women presented higher averages in Negative Affectivity, Anxiety and Lability Emotion and men in Antagonism, Attention Search, Insensitivity, Deception, Grandiosity, Manipulativeness, Risk Taking, and Eccentricity. Examined differences according to type of career a pattern of lower means was detected in the students of Human Sciences. When analyzing the relationship with academic performance, negative associations were found with the approval index, while positive with failed exams, failed subjects and recurring subjects. In conclusion, a first approach to the study of the model of dysfunctional traits in the local university student population was made, analyzing its link with sociodemographic and academic variables

Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con el Móvil: Validación para adultos de Buenos Aires

El Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con el Móvil es un instrumento diseñado para su uso con población española. Consta de 10 ítems que evalúan las dimensiones de Conflicto y Uso Comunicacional y Emocional. El objetivo de este trabajo es adaptar dicha escala para evaluar población adulta local. Se trabajó con 541 adultos de Buenos Aires (19.0% Hombres, 80.2% Mujeres, 0.7% No Binario), de entre 18 y 76 años (M = 28.1, DE = 9.76). Se recolectaron datos con una Encuesta de datos sociodemográficos, el Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con el Móvil, la Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 y el Symptom Checklist 27. Mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio se verificó la estructura bifactorial. La consistencia interna fue adecuada. Se reportan evidencias de validez concurrente. Se confeccionaron baremos. Se concluye que se aporta un instrumento de evaluación con evidencias de calidad psicométrica en una muestra local.The Mobile-Related Experiences Questionnaire is a test designed to assess the experiences of the Spanish population with mobile phones. It consists of 10 items that evaluate the dimensions of Conflict and Communicational and Emotional Use. The aim of this study is to validate the scale in a sample of the local adult population. The sample was composed of 541 adults from Buenos Aires (19.0% male, 80.2% female, 0.7% non-binary), between the ages of 18 and 76 years (M = 28.1, SD = 9.76). Data were collect-ed using a Sociodemographic Data Survey, the Mobile-Related Experiences Questionnaire, the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2, and the Symptom Checklist 27. The bifactorial struc-ture was verified by means of a confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency was adequate. Evidence of concurrent validi-ty is reported, and reference values are established. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the psychometric quality of the questionnaire in a local sample.Fil: Ruscio, Franco Martín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Stover, Juliana Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con el Móvil: Validación para adultos de Buenos Aires

El Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con el Móvil es un instrumento diseñado para su uso con población española. Consta de 10 ítems que evalúan las dimensiones de Conflicto y Uso Comunicacional y Emocional. El objetivo de este trabajo es adaptar dicha escala para evaluar población adulta local. Se trabajó con 541 adultos de Buenos Aires (19.0% Hombres, 80.2% Mujeres, 0.7% No Binario), de entre 18 y 76 años (M = 28.1, DE = 9.76). Se recolectaron datos con una Encuesta de datos sociodemográficos, el Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con el Móvil, la Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 y el Symptom Checklist 27. Mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio se verificó la estructura bifactorial. La consistencia interna fue adecuada. Se reportan evidencias de validez concurrente. Se confeccionaron baremos. Se concluye que se aporta un instrumento de evaluación con evidencias de calidad psicométrica en una muestra local.The Mobile-Related Experiences Questionnaire is a test designed to assess the experiences of the Spanish population with mobile phones. It consists of 10 items that evaluate the dimensions of Conflict and Communicational and Emotional Use. The aim of this study is to validate the scale in a sample of the local adult population. The sample was composed of 541 adults from Buenos Aires (19.0% male, 80.2% female, 0.7% non-binary), between the ages of 18 and 76 years (M = 28.1, SD = 9.76). Data were collect-ed using a Sociodemographic Data Survey, the Mobile-Related Experiences Questionnaire, the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2, and the Symptom Checklist 27. The bifactorial struc-ture was verified by means of a confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency was adequate. Evidence of concurrent validi-ty is reported, and reference values are established. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the psychometric quality of the questionnaire in a local sample.Fil: Ruscio, Franco Martín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Stover, Juliana Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Paradoxical personality scale: Its development and construct validity analysis

Se presenta el proceso de construcción y validación de la Escala de Personalidad Paradójica, diseñada a partir de la propuesta de Csikszentmihalyi (1996), quien describiera el concepto evaluado en relación a los individuos creativos. Se redactaron 150 reactivos que fueron sometidos a juicio experto y a examen de validez aparente en un estudio piloto. La versión resultante fue usada en un estudio factorial exploratorio (473 estudiantes; 50.5% varones, 49.5% mujeres; 18 a 35 años; = 21.82; DT= 3.14). La estructura resultante, de 6 dimensiones y 30 ítems, fue confirmada mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio (800 estudiantes universitarios; 44.4% varones, 55.6% mujeres; 18 a 35 años; = 23.47; DT= 3.30). Ambas muestras provenían de la población de estudiantes universitarios de Buenos Aires, Argentina. También se analizó la consistencia interna y la estabilidad temporal de las puntuaciones, obteniéndose en ambos casos coeficientes aceptables, dada la composición de las dimensiones subyacentes al constructo analizado. Se discuten los resultados a la luz de los modelos teóricos propuestos, las ventajas de la brevedad y sencillez de aplicación y según nuevas líneas de investigación.The development and construct validation process of the Paradoxical Personality Scale is presented in this paper. The concept assessed has been posed by Csikszentmihalyi (1996) and was described as related to creative individuals. Following his guidelines, 150 items were designed and judged by five experts, and later analysed from a facies standpoint. The resulting version was used in a sample of college students (n=473; 50.5% males, 49.5% females) from 18 to 35 years (M = 21.82; DT= 3.14), to explore underlying dimensions. A 30item/6-factor solution was firstly isolated and after confirmed by a confirmatory factor analysis developed with 800 college students (44.4% males, 55.6% females), between18 and 35 years (M = 23.47; DT= 3.30). Both samples were selected from the population of college students from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Internal consistency and temporal stability of scores were also tested, obtaining adequate coefficients in both cases, in view of the composition of the dimensions underlying the construct analysed. Results show acceptable psychometric properties as well as shortness and simplicity for data gathering, which are discussed taking into account theoretical models and new research lines.Fil: Freiberg Hoffmann, Agustín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: de la Iglesia, Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Stover, Juliana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Liporace, Maria Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Perceived Parenting Styles and Parental Inconsistency Scale: Construct Validity in Young Adults

The study examinesevidences of construct validity of the Perceived Parental Styles and Parental Inconsistency scale –EPIPP–, on a sample of 369 young adults. Individuals were asked about their father and their mother by means of 24 items. These conformsix subscales that constitutea first-order-model–Affection, Dialogue, Indifference, Verbal Coercion, Physical Coercion and Prohibition–that additionally group into two major scales –a second-order model–:Responsiveness and Demandingness.A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out on the first-orderand second-order factor structures,using maximum likelihood anda bootstrap procedure with 500 random samples. Resulting indexes showed an excellent fit in both modelsfor theFatherand Motherversions. Furthermore, adequate resultswere obtained in a cross-validation and afactorial invariance analysis. This way, solid evidences of construct validity were obtained for the EPIPP, suggesting it for the assessmentof perceived parenting in young adults.Fil: de la Iglesia, Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Stover, Juliana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Freiberg Hoffmann, Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Liporace, Maria Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Predicting academic achievement: The role of Motivation and Learning Strategies

The aim of this study consists in testing a predictive model of academic achievement including motivation and learning strategies as predictors. Motivation is defined as the energy and the direction of behaviors; it is categorized in three types of motivation –intrinsic, extrinsic and amotivation (Deci & Ryan, 1985). Learning strategies are deliberate operations oriented towards information processing in academic activities (Valle, Barca, González & Núñez, 1999). Several studies analysed the relationship between motivation and learning strategies in high school and college environments. Students with higher academic achievement were intrinsically motivated and used a wider variety of learning strategies more frequently. A non-experimental predictive design was developed. The sample was composed by 459 students (55.2% high-schoolers; 44.8% college students). Data were gathered by means of sociodemographic and academic surveys, and also by the local versions of the Academic Motivation Scale –EMA, Echelle de Motivation en Éducation (Stover, de la Iglesia, Rial Boubeta & Fernández Liporace, 2012; Vallerand, Blais, Briere & Pelletier, 1989) and the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory –LASSI (Stover, Uriel & Fernández Liporace, 2012; Weinstein, Schulte & Palmer, 1987). Several path analyses were carried out to test a hypothetical model to predict academic achievement (Kline, 1998). Results indicated that self-determined motivation explained academic achievement through the use of learning strategies. The final model obtained an excellent fit (χ2=16.523, df= 6, p=0.011; GFI=0.987; AGFI=0.955; SRMR=0.0320; NFI=0.913; IFI=0.943; CFI=0.940). Results are discussed considering Self Determination Theory and previous research.Fil: Stover, Juliana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Freiberg Hoffmann, Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: de la Iglesia, Guadalupe. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Liporace, Maria Mercedes. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Estrategias de aprendizaje y estudio, perspectiva temporal y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios de Buenos Aires

La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre estrategias de aprendizaje y estudio, perspectiva temporal y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios de Buenos Aires. Se trató de un estudio correlacional – de diferencias entre grupos, con un diseño no experimental, de corte transversal. Participaron 334 sujetos, (68.6% mujeres, 31.4% hombres; Medad=25.90, DEedad= 8.23). Los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron: una encuesta sociodemográfica y de datos académicos, el Inventario de Perspectiva Temporal de Zimbardo, y el Inventario de Estrategias de Aprendizaje. En los análisis de diferencias de medias se hallaron diferencias según rendimiento académico. Se encontró que los alumnos con mejor rendimiento académico presentaron mayores puntajes en Motivación, Competencias para el Manejo de la Información,  Futuro Neutro y menores en Pasado Negativo, Presente Fatalista

Personality Functioning Scale: A Scale to Assess DSM-5’s Criterion A Personality Disorders

The Section III on Emerging Measures and Models included in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, introduces a hybrid alternative approach, dimensional-categorical, to diagnose personality disorders. The Criterion A establishes the assessment of the impairment in personality functioning in terms of two dimensions: self and interpersonal. The present study was aimed at developing a short scale to measure both dimensions. The sample was composed of 342 adults from Buenos Aires city and its outskirts, with ages ranging from 19 to 82 years old (M = 39.90, SD = 13.75). Data were gathered using the Personality Functioning Scale, developed in this study, as well as the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 Brief Form, the Mental Health Continuum Short Form, and the Symptom Check List-27. A principal components analysis conducted on 28 items found 2 factors, interpersonal and self. Internal consistency, estimated byordinal Alphas, achieved values between .92 and .86 whilst Cronbach?s Alphas were .88 and .87. Significant and positive correlations between the Personality Functioning Scale scores on the one hand, and the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 Brief Form scores and the Symptom Check List-27 score on the other, were found. Negative correlations between PFS scores and the Mental Health Continuum Short Form were calculated. As a result, a short scale with adequate psychometric features, suitable to assess Criterion A in adult Argentinian population has been developed.Fil: Stover, Juliana Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Liporace, Maria Mercedes. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Castro Solano, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Palermo; Argentin

Dysfunctional personality traits: Relationship with five factor model, adaptation and symptomatology in a community sample from Buenos Aires

The paper introduces an analysis of the dimensional maladaptive personality traits model stated in the section III of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), conducted on a community sample composed of 906 adults from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Data were gathered using a socio-demographic survey as well as the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), the Big Five Inventory (BFI), the Symptom Check List 90-R (SCL-90-R), and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). A joint exploratory factor analysis was carried out including the PID-5’s 25 facets along with BFI’s 5 factors as input variables. Findings showed a 5-factor structure mostly coincident with DSM-5’s hypotheses as well as with previous research. Besides, correlations calculated between PID-5 and BFI scores behaved according to theoretical hypotheses. By means of a two-stage cluster analysis which used WHODAS 2.0 score and the Global Severity Index index from SCL-90-R as segmentation criteria, two groups were differentiated: The High-Adaptation/Low-Symptomatology group vs the Low- Adaptation/High-Symptomatology one. The second group obtained significantly higher means in the five domains, and in 24 of the 25 facets of PID-5.Fil: Stover, Juliana Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Castro Solano, Alejandro. Universidad de Palermo. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Departamento de Psicología. Centro de Investigación y Posgrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Liporace, Maria Mercedes. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory: Adaptation for high-schol students from Buenos Aires

El objetivo del trabajo fue adaptar el Inventario de Perspectiva Temporal de Zimbardo a estudiantes de nivel medio de Buenos Aires. Se trabajo con 320 estudiantes de Buenos Aires (47.2% mujeres, 52.8% hombres; M edad =16.95, DE edad = 1.05). Se recolectaron datos con una encuesta de datos sociodemograficos y academicos y con el Inventario de Perspectiva Temporal de Zimbardo. Mediante un analisis de componentes principales con rotacion Varimax se aislo una estructura de cuatro dimensiones ( KMO = .80; Bartlett: X 2 = 2567.88; 561 gl ) que explico el 37.95% de la varianza total. Se etiquetaron  las dimensiones como pasado negativo, presente hedonista, futuro y presente fatalista. Se estimo la consistencia interna mediante el calculo de alfas de Cronbach, en donde se encontraron  valores excelentes para pasado negativo (α = .80) y presente hedonista (α = .78), y adecuados para futuro (α = .68)  y presente fatalista (α = .63). Se hallaron evidencias de validez de criterio en relacion con informacion academica en el pasado (repitencia), presente (adeudar materias) y futuro (proyectos al egreso). Se calcularon percentiles para la evaluacion individual del inventario.  Se concluye que se ha elaborado un instrumento disenado para evaluar estudiantes locales. Futuras investigaciones deberan continuar examinando la estructura dado que difiere de la propuesta en la version original.The aim of this study was to adapt the Zimbardo Inventory Time Perspective for high-school students from Buenos Aires. Participants were 320 students from Buenos Aires (47.2% female, 52.8% male, Mage = 16.95, DEage = 1.05). Data were collected with a survey of socio-demographic and academic data, and the Zimbardo Inventory Time Perspective. By means of a principal component analysis with Varimax rotation a four structure dimensions was found (KMO = .80; Bartlett: X2 = 2567.88; 561df) which accounted for 37.95% of the total variance. The dimensions were labeled as negative past, hedonistic present, future and present fatalistic. Internal consistency was estimated by calculating Cronbach alphas, finding excellent values for negative past (α = .80) and hedonistic present (α = .78), and suitable for future (α = .68) and fatalistic present (α = .63). Criterion validity evidence regarding academic information in the past (repetition), present (debiting materials) and future (projects at discharge) were found. Percentiles for individual assessment of the inventory were calculated. It is conclude that an instrument designed to assess local students was elaborated. Future research should continue to examine the structure as it differs from the proposal in the original version.Facultad de Psicologí