Внутрішні війська – елітні формування Воєнної організації української держави

Розкривається історія, основні етапи, особливості формування внутрішніх військ МВС України, зміст нормативно-правових документів, що регламентують діяльність внутрішніх військ, їхню взаємодію з іншими структурними елементами Воєнної організації – Збройними силами, Прикордонними військами тощо. Особлива увага приділяється реформуванню, перебудові внутрішніх військ, їхніх зусиль із захисту прав і свобод громадян, національної безпеки, конституційного ладу у державі.The history, main stages, peculiarities of internal forces MHA of Ukraine forming, content of normative and law documents, which regular the internal forces activities, Their cooperation with other structural elements of military organization – Armed Forces, Frontier Forces and others are revealed in the article. Particular attention is focused on the lasting reforming, internal forces reconstructions, their efforts in rights and freedom protection of citizens, national security and constitutional system in our state

Developmental changes in expression of pluripotent genes in early equine embryos.

Genes involved in maintaining pluripotency have potential use in establishing cell lines for regenerative medicine. However, the genes differ subtly between species, and are poorly described in the horse. In this study we examined changes in expression of pluripotency-associated genes in horse embryos during blastocyst formation. Twenty-one grade 1–2 embryos where recovered from mares by uterine lavage on Day 6–7 after ovulation. Embryos were classified by developmental stage (morula, early or expanded blastocyst: n = 5, 7 and 9, respectively) and their diameter measured by micrometer, before being snap frozen. Subsequently, mRNA from individual embryos was extracted, DNAse-treated and synthesized into cDNA using an AllPrep Mini Kit and Superscript III Reverse Transcriptase (Qiagen, Venlo, and Invitrogen, Breda respectively, the Netherlands). Equine-specific intron-spanning/overlapping primers were designed using PerlPrimer v1.1.14 by BLAST searching the NCBI horse genome for 5 genes associated with pluripotency in other species (octamer binding protein OCT4, transcription factor NANOG, developmental pluripotency-associated DPPA4, growth and differentiation factor GDF3 and telomerase reverse transcriptase TERT) and 2 reference genes (signal recognition particle SRP14 and phosphoglycerate kinase PGK1). Relative gene expression was then examined by quantitative PCR using an iQ5 RT PCR Detection System (BioRad, Veenendaal, the Netherlands). Relationships were tested by Pearson correlations and differences between developmental stages were tested by ANCOVA. Embryos ranged in diameter from 126 to 680 μm. As expected, absolute expression of all pluripotency markers increased with increasing embryo diameter (P = 0.000; R = 0.93, 0.92, 0.88, 0.86 and 0.76 for NANOG, DPPA4, GDF3, OCT4 and TERT, respectively). After normalization with SRP14 and PGK1, significant negative correlations with embryo diameter were apparent for OCT4, NANOG and DPPA4 (P < 0.001; R = –0.73, –0.69 and –0.53, respectively). Moreover, all 5 pluripotency genes were down-regulated as embryonic development progressed (P < 0.05), although the time-course differed between genes. The DPPA4 and OCT4 expression decreased significantly at both the morula-early blastocyst and early-expanded blastocyst transitions, whereas NANOG expression only decreased significantly between the early-expanded blastocyst stages and GDF3 and TERT expression only between the morula-early blastocyst stages. Down-regulation of pluripotent gene expression during early development is consistent with increased cohorts of cells differentiating into trophectoderm and primitive endoderm, leaving an ever decreasing proportion of pluripotent cells in the inner cell mass. Furthermore, the different time courses of down-regulation may reflect different roles of the examined genes in developmental processes. For example, early and continued down-regulation of OCT4 is consistent with a role in differentiation between ICM and trophectoderm, whereas the slightly later onset of NANOG down-regulation better fits a role in determining between pluripotent epiblast and primitive endoderm, as described in other species

Prospects for managing African elephant population growth by immunocontraception: a review

Immunocontraception has been proposed as a tool for managing African elephant populations threatening to. 'outgrow' a wildlife reserve. To date, however, the only immunocontraceptive technique tested on elephant cows is porcine zona pellucida (pZP) vaccination, in which solubilized pZP is injected together with an adjuvant to induce formation of circulating antizona pellucida antibodies, which block fertilization. A review of the literature on the use of pZP vaccination in free-ranging mammals reveals that the contraceptive efficacy ranges between 22% and 100% (15 trials, 2 in elephants). A pZP vaccine can be delivered by dart, but at present more than one inoculation is needed to ensure contraceptive antibody titres. Initial studies in elephants suggest that pZP vaccination is safe, even in pregnant animals, does not pass through the food chain and is reversible, at least in the short term. However, little is known about possible long-term side effects. Elephants are social animals that live in matriarchal herds, and inhibiting individual fertility and herd growth may have unforeseen longer-term consequences on behaviour and social structure. There is also a fear that immunization may favour weaker animals by preferentially sterilizing individuals capable of mounting a vigorous immune response, or that animals may become resistant to vaccination. In short, while pZP vaccination appears to be a promising tool for controlling elephant population growth, questions about the long-term side effects need to be answered before use on a large scale can be recommended

Validation of merocyanine 540 staining as a technique for assessing capacitation-related membrane destabilization of fresh dog sperm

The aim of this study was to determine whether flow cytometric evaluation of combined merocyanine 540 and Yo-Pro 1 (M540-YP) staining would identify viable dog sperm that had undergone membrane stabilization known to be associated with capacitation in other species, and whether such destabilization is detected earlier than when using the tyrosine phosphorylation and ethidium homodimer (TP-EH) stain combination with epifluorescence microscopy. Semen from nine dogs was collected and incubated in parallel in bicarbonate-free modified Tyrode’s medium ( BIC), medium containing 15 mM bicarbonate (þBIC), dog prostatic fluid, and in PBS. Aliquots for staining were removed at various time points during incubation of up to 6 hours. Staining with M540-YP allowed the classification of dog sperm as viable without destabilized membranes, viable with destabilized membranes, nonviable without destabilized membranes, or nonviable with destabilized membranes. The percentage of viable sperm detected using EH (83.5 1.37%; mean SEM) was higher than when using YP (66.7 1.37%: P < 0.05; n ¼ 54 semen samples). On the other hand, M540-YP identified a higher percentage of viable sperm with destabilized membranes than TP-EH (75 1.76% vs. 35 1.70%: P < 0.05; n ¼ 54 semen samples). Staining with M540-YP indicated a rapid increase in the percentage of viable sperm with destabilized membranes, reaching a maximum during the first 30 minutes of incubation in þBIC. For all other treatments (i.e., BIC, prostatic fluid, and PBS), the peak in the percentage of viable sperm with destabilized membranes was reached as much as 90 to 210 minutes later than incubation in þBIC. The lowest percentage of viable sperm showing signs of capacitation was recorded during incubation in PBS. We conclude that YP identifies sperm committed to cell death earlier than EH, and that the M540-YP stain combination identifies membrane destabilization known to be associated with capacitation in other species earlier than the TP-EH stain combination.National Research Foundation, South Africahttp://www.theriojournal.com/2016-06-30hb201

Економіко-правове забезпечення формування та реалізації соціальної політики держави, регіону, міста

У статті визначено потребу послідовного правового забезпечення формування та реалізації соціальної політики в багаторівневій системі управління. Обґрунтовано зміст та особливості соціальної політики залежно від рівня управління. Сформульовано пропозиції з удосконалення соціальної політики держави та її регіонів, виконано їх правову регламентацію

Failure to detect equid herpesvirus types 1 and 4 DNA in placentae and healthy new-born thoroughbred foals

Equid herpesvirus type 1 is primarily a respiratory tract virus associated with poor athletic performance that can also cause late gestation abortion, neonatal foal death and encephalomyelopathy. Horizontal transmission is well described, whereas evidence of vertical transmission of equid herpesvirus type 1 associated with the birth of a healthy foal has not been demonstrated. This study sampled a population of Thoroughbred mares (n = 71), and their healthy neonatal foals and foetal membranes, to test for the presence of both equid herpesvirus types 1 and 4 using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Foetal membrane swabs and tissue samples were taken immediately post-partum, and venous blood samples and nasal swabs were obtained from both mare and foal 8 h after birth. Neither equid herpesvirus type 1 nor equid herpesvirus type 4 nucleic acid was detected in any sample, and it was concluded that there was no active shedding of equid herpesvirus types 1 and 4 at the time of sampling. Consequently, no evidence of vertical transmission of these viruses could be found on this stud farm during the sampling period.This article is based on the MSc thesis of L.J.B. entitled ‘Failure to detect equid herpesvirus type 1 DNA in thoroughbred placentae and healthy new-born foals’. (http://hdl.handle.net/2263/67946)The Wits Health Consortium and a University of Pretoria Postgraduate Bursary. The article processing charges were partially funded by the South African Veterinary Association.http://www.jsava.co.zaam2020Production Animal Studie

Phenotypic characteristics of Hydrocephalus in stillborn Friesian foals

Hydrocephalus is uncommon in horses. However, in recent years, it has become clear that the prevalence of hydrocephalus is greater in Friesian horses than in other breeds probably due to their limited gene pool. Before identification of candidate genes that predispose to the development of hydrocephalus in Friesian horses can be pursued, an in-depth, phenotypic, pathological description of the condition in Friesians would be of great benefit. Our study aimed to characterize the morphology of hydrocephalus in Friesian horses, to support further investigation of the genetic background of this condition. Four stillborn Friesian foals with hydrocephalus were examined macroscopically and microscopically and compared with 2 normal stillborn Friesian foals without hydrocephalus. In all clinical cases, tetraventricular and venous dilatations were observed, together with malformation of the petrosal bone and, as a result, narrowing of the jugular foramen. These observations suggest a communicative hydrocephalus with a diminished absorption of cerebrospinal fluid into the systemic circulation at the venous sinuses due to a distorted, nonfunctional jugular foramen. This type of hydrocephalus is also recognized in humans and dogs and has been linked genetically to chondrodysplasia; this has already been recognized in dwarfism, which is another monogenetic defect in Friesian horses.http://vet.sagepub.com/am201

Breeding confidence

You have undoubtedly registered that the title of my inaugural lecture is ambiguous; it can be interpreted in two different ways. This is no accident. I deliberately chose this doubleedged title because it neatly defines the multi-faceted nature of the chair to which I have been appointed; ‘Equine Medicine and Reproduction’. Given my background in reproduction, the most obvious interpretation of the title ‘Breeding confidence’ is confidence in the breeding industry. This relates directly to the current and future role of my group in fundamental and applied research into (in)fertility and assisted reproduction, primarily in the equine species. In other words, the development of a scientific basis for confidence in the Dutch breeding industry, including the prediction and monitoring of the fertility of breeding horses and the development of more successful and reliable techniques to achieve and maintain pregnancy in horses. The other possible interpretation of ‘Breeding confidence’ is the more general ‘propagation of trust’. The Equine Department has only existed in its current form for 9 years, but even in that short period it has been through a number of difficult moments including a second reorganisation arising from financial necessity. With regard to the Chair of Medicine and Reproduction, the combination of the two disciplines under one head has stimulated considerable comment both within and outside the department. With this in mind, I would like to use this public platform to share my vision of the future of the combined discipline and the role of its professor. The disciplines are not going to be merged; but they will be brought closer together. It goes without saying that it is no longer realistic to expect the chair to be the highest authority over the full range of veterinary medicine under his charge. But it is his responsibility to ensure that the necessary expertise is in-house, in the form of the senior lecturers and lecturers under his command. The professor is, in short, primarily the manager of a group of specialists and emerging specialists. In situations where a new leader or manager is appointed who is not leading authority over the full breadth of his area of responsibility, one of the most important formative management tasks is the previously alluded to ‘propagation of trust’. This applies not only to the propagation of trust within the group; it is just as important to ensure that outsiders have confidence that the group under its new leadership is heading in the right direction. Within the group, the main initial task is to establish and transmit a clear, broadly-supported, forwardlooking strategy. From the group, the emphasis will also be on communication; giving a clear signal to the Dutch equine industry and the international veterinary community that the group is productively and innovatively pushing the boundaries of veterinary education, research and patient care