Cosmic rays for solar-terrestrial physics

Aspects of the research program conducted over the 1991-94 period by the CNR/IFSI project on Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere are reviewed. Recent findings related to the solar-interplanetary-terrestrial chain are discussed

Efectos de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en los países miembros de la OEA

Uno de los eventos jurídicos más importantes del siglo XX, sin duda, ha sido la consolidación del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos. Instrumentos internacionales y mecanismos de protección se han puesto en funcionamiento y afianzado, tanto a nivel global como regional. No obstante, en muchos casos, este desarrollo de principios, normas y órganos de protección a nivel internacional no se ha reflejado en iguales progresos en ámbito nacional. Lo cual permite todavía afirmar que si bien la universalización de los derechos ha sido una etapa sustancial para la consolidación de la protección de los derechos humanos el desafío sigue siendo el hacerlos efectivos. El artículo lleva a cabo un examen de la jurisprudencia de los países de la región que permite llegar a la consideración que se están produciendo importantes avances en este terreno y cada vez más los altos tribunales de varios países de la región utilizan como parámetro de interpretación la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana para resolver cuestiones internas y concluir que en Latinoamérica, gracias a la influencia integradora de la Convención Americana y de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana con la jurisprudencia nacional, se está lentamente consolidado lo que podría ser definido como un estándar mínimo común en materia de protección de los derechos humanos. Un núcleo fundamental o esencial de derechos que poco a poco se va imponiendo en los países miembros dando origen a un nuevo ius commune para Latinoamérica.One of the most important juridical events of the XX century has been, without doubt, the consolidation of the international human rights law. International instruments and protection mechanisms have been activated and strengthen, both globally and regionally. However, in many occasions, the development of principles, rules and protection organisms in the international level has not been accompanied by similar processes in the national level. This allows us to affirm that even though the globalization of human rights constitutes a substantial phase in the consolidation of their protection, the remaining challenge is to make them effective. The article examines the jurisprudence of the OAS countries, driving us to the conclusion that there have been important progresses in this field. the highest tribunals of many countries of the region use as parameter of interpretation, the jurisprudence of the Interamerican Court of Human Rights in order to solve internal disputes. Therefore, we may conclude that in Latin America, due to the comprehensive influence of the American Convention and of the Jurisprudence of the Inter-american Court, there is a slow consolidation of what may be defined as a minimum common standard of protection of human rights. There is a fundamental or essential nucleus of rights in solidification, originating simultaneously, a new ius commune for Latin America

Archeologia e letteratura. Senso dell’antico nella narrazione italiana contemporanea

Partendo dal romanzo di Matilde Serao, "La conquista di Roma", pubblicato nel 1885, il saggio ricostruisce le modalità con cui la narrativa italiana prodotta in età contemporanea coniuga la memoria del passato con la sopravvivenza archeologica dell’antico, interrogandosi sul valore che la menzione delle vestigia storiche riveste agli occhi del narratore e, presumibilmente, del pubblico al quale si rivolge. Si susseguono così un’analisi del "Piacere" di D’Annunzio, del "Fu Mattia Pascal" di Pirandello, non senza ricordare la posizione espressa da un poeta come Ungaretti in "Interpretazione di Roma", del 1954, per chiudere con il più recente romanzo noir, "Un giorno perfetto" (2005) di Melania Mazzucco. Utilizzando le categorie critiche dell’antropologo della surmodernità Marc Augé, l’analisi finisce così con il dar conto delle forme con cui la rappresentazione della città storica si trasforma nell’immagine di un moderno non luogo, spazio abitato da identità sospese, in cui il nuovo minaccia e sommerge l’antico

Pietro e Federigo: stereotipi e innovazioni in due "eroi" della V giornata del Decameron (V, 3 e 9)

La quinta giornata è una delle più importanti del Decameron. Gran parte di questo valore deriva dalla posizione strategica che essa occupa nella raccolta. Innanzi tutto si trova al centro dell’intera silloge e completa una struttura che, specularmente, si riproporrà nella seconda parte dell’opera: una giornata ad argomento libero, quattro a tematica predefinita, in cui la fortuna, l’ingegno umano e l’amore, vale a dire le tre forze che dominano, governano e modificano il mondo, hanno già avuto modo di dispiegare, di fronte al pubblico, l’intero ventaglio delle loro caratteristiche, pronte a cedere alla sola umanità - rappresentata dal potere della parola, dell’intelligenza e della moral

The green corona data: 1947-1976, revisited

Re-examining a continuous monthly data set for the green-line corona brightness, covering February 1947 to September 1976, we have found that practically no delay exists between the trends of the green-line coronal intensity in the equatorial and middle-latitude belts at the beginning of solar activity cycle No. 20, while a previous cycle (No. 19) shows a sudden increase in the corona intensity brightness at middle latitudes followed by a delayed one at the equatorial belts, supporting recent findings on even-odd solar cycle differences observed in the half-yearly green corona database (1943-1993). The north-south asymmetry in the hemispheric solar activity is not involved in this phenomenon

Anomalous short-term increases in the galactic cosmic ray intensity: Are they related to the interplanetary magnetic cloud-like structures?

Thirty-one short-term increases (time duration 24 hours and amplitude up to 5%) in the galactic cosmic ray intensity, occurring inside Forbush decreases events, have been identified over the period 1966 - 1977. These increases are highly anisotropic and occur after the compression region following the shock; the interplanetary medium is characterized by intense ( 10 nT) and higly fluctuating magnetic field B, high velocity, low density and temperature (flare ejecta piston?). These B-fluctuations seem to be ordered variations which could be representative of magnetic clouds. Also the large cosmic ray increase occurring on 17-18 September 1979, belongs to this category of events

The flare origin of Forbush decreases not associated with solar flares on the visible hemisphere of the Sun

Investigations have shown that Forbush decreases (Fds) are produced by the propagation into the interplanetary space of a strong perturbation originating from a solar flare (Sf) accompanied by Type IV radioemission. As the front of the perturbation propagates into the interplanetary space, the region in which the galactic cosmic rays are modulated (Fd-modulated region) rotates westward with the Sun and is generally included between two boundary streams; therefore the Fds not associated with observed type IV Sfs (N.Ass.Fds) are likely to be produced by type IV Sfs occurred on the Sun's backside: these vents can be observed when the Earth crosses the corotating Western boundary of the modulated region