Electron Population Aging Models for Wide-Angle Tails

Color-color diagrams have been useful in studying the spectral shapes in radio galaxies. At the workshop we presented color-color diagrams for two wide-angle tails, 1231+674 and 1433+553, and found that the standard aging models do not adequately represent the observed data. Although the JP and KP models can explain some of the observed points in the color-color diagram, they do not account for those found near the power-law line. This difficulty may be attributable to several causes. Spectral tomography has been previously used to discern two separate electron populations in these sources. The combination spectra from two such overlying components can easily resemble a range of power-laws. In addition, any non-uniformity in the magnetic field strength can also create a power-law-like spectrum. We will also discuss the effects that angular resolution has on the shape of the spectrum.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, proceedings from 1999 'Life Cycles of Radio Galaxies' workshop at STScI in Baltimore, M

Future B Experiments from The BTeV/LHC-b Perspective

Many measurements are necessary in the program of studying mixing, CP violation and rare decays of b and c quarks. These measurements require large numbers of B^o, B_s, B^- and D^{*+} hadrons. Fortunately, copius production of particles containing b and c quarks will occur at Tevatron and the LHC. The crucial measurements are described here, as well as the design of the two experiments, LHC-b and BTeV, that can exploit the 4-20 x 10^{11} b hadrons produced every 10^7 seconds.Comment: Presented at the 3rd International Conference on B Physics and CP Violation, Taipei, December 3-7, 1999 15 pages, 10 figure

Transfer agents and global networks in the 'transnationalization' of policy

This paper focuses on the role of international actors in policy/ knowledge transfer processes to suggest a dynamic for the transnationalization of policy results. The paper seeks to redress the tendency towards methodological nationalism in much of the early policy transfer literature by bringing to the fore the role of international organizations and non-state actors in transnational transfer networks. Secondly, attention is drawn to 'soft' forms of transfer - such as the spread of norms - as a necessary complement to the hard transfer of policy tools, structures and practices and in which non-state actors play a more prominent role. Thirdly, transnational networks are identified as an important vehicle for the spread of policy and practice not only cross-nationally but in emergent venues of global governance

Generalised Cesaro Convergence, Root Identities and the Riemann Hypothesis

We extend the notion of generalised Cesaro summation/convergence developed previously to the more natural setting of what we call "remainder" Cesaro summation/convergence and, after illustrating the utility of this approach in deriving certain classical results, use it to develop a notion of generalised root identities. These extend elementary root identities for polynomials both to more general functions and to a family of identities parametrised by a complex parameter \mu. In so doing they equate one expression (the derivative side) which is defined via Fourier theory, with another (the root side) which is defined via remainder Cesaro summation. For \mu a non-positive integer these identities are naturally adapted to investigating the asymptotic behaviour of the given function and the geometric distribution of its roots. For the Gamma function we show that it satisfies the generalised root identities and use them to constructively deduce Stirling's theorem. For the Riemann zeta function the implications of the generalised root identities for \mu=0,-1 and -2 are explored in detail; in the case of \mu=-2 a symmetry of the non-trivial roots is broken and allows us to conclude, after detailed computation, that the Riemann hypothesis must be false. In light of this, some final direct discussion is given of areas where the arguments used throughout the paper are deficient in rigour and require more detailed justification. The conclusion of section 1 gives guidance on the most direct route through the paper to the claim regarding the Riemann hypothesis

An analogue of Hawking radiation in the quantum Hall effect

We use the identification of the edge mode of the filling fraction $\nu=1$ quantum Hall phase with a 1+1 dimensional chiral Dirac fermion to construct an analogue model for a chiral fermion in a space-time geometry possessing an event horizon. By solving the model in the lowest Landau level, we show that the event horizon emits particles and holes with a thermal spectrum. Each emitted quasiparticle is correlated with an opposite-energy partner on the other side of the event horizon. Once we trace out these "unobservable" partners, we are left with a thermal density matrix.Comment: 16 pages, five figure