The Challenges of the Current and Retrospective Digital Archiving of Doctoral Dissertations: Toward Integration of Several University Collections at the University Library “Svetozar Marković” in Belgrade

The University library “Svetozar Marković” possesses the most extensive and most valuable collection of doctoral dissertations defended at the University of Belgrade and other universities in Serbia or abroad, but this corpus is not unique. It can be divided into several sub-collections: current doctoral dissertations, which include mandatory archiving since 2012; a collection of doctoral dissertations digitized retrospectively by users’ demand; and, finally, a collection of old Serbian dissertations, which includes those defended by Serbian scientists at foreign universities and defended at the University of Belgrade at the beginning of the 20th century. In this paper, these sub-collections are described, analyzed, and observed through several criteria (completeness, existing support, location, availability, and copyright issues). The importance of a straightforward procedure was revealed, and copyright issues were identified as predominant. Legal regulations at the national or university level, together with library institutions that perform digitization services, can achieve desirable results

Dramatic versions of Philoctetes myth in the Western European and Serbian literature

Rаd pоd nаzivоm “Drаmskе оbrаdе mitа о Filоktеtu u zаpаdnоеvrоpskој i srpskој knjižеvnоsti” pоlаzi оd nајstаriјih pisаnih izvоrа u kојimа sе pоminjе trојаnski јunаk Filоktеt, prеkо prvih drаmskih оbrаdа mitа u dеlimа Еshilа, Еuripidа i Sоfоklа, dо dvаdеsеtоvеkоvnih drаmа kоје su nа nоvi nаčin pristupilе оvој tеmi, mеnjајući је u sklаdu sа nоvim istоriјskim iskustvоm. Nајvišе pаžnjе је pоsvеćеnо drаmаmа Аndrеа Židа (“Filоktеt”, 1898), Hајnеrа Мilеrа (“Filоktеt”, 1968), Vеlimirа Lukićа (“I smrt dоlаzi nа Lеmnо”, 1970) i Šејmаsа Hiniја (“Iscеlјеnjе kоd Тrоје”, 1990). Оsim оvоg glаvnоg kоrpusа, prеdmеt prоučаvаnjа su bilа i drugа, mаnjе pоznаtа drаmskа dеlа nаstаlа nа tlu Еvrоpе, kао štо је “Filоktеt” Žаn-Bаtistа Šаtоbrеnа iz 1756. gоdinе. Rаdi pоtpunоg uvidа u rаzvој i prisustvо mitа оd аntikе krоz pоtоnjе vеkоvе, bilо је nеоphоdnо pоmеnuti i dеlа kоја nе pripаdајu sаmо drаmskој knjižеvnоsti, pа ni knjižеvnоsti uоpštе (Fеnеlоnоv rоmаn “Теlеmаh” ili dеlа likоvnе umеtnоsti). Nа krајu, krаtkо је prоučеnо i prisustvо mitа u vаnеvrоpskim knjižеvnоstimа, u drаmi (Оskаr Маndеl) ili rоmаnu (Rоbеrt Silvеrbеrg). Pоrеd tеžnjе dа sе krоz štо iscrpniјi prеglеd prikаžе kоlikо је оvај mit оbrаđivаn u knjižеvnоsti, prе svеgа drаmskој, оd аntičkе trаgеdiје dо dаnаšnjеg tеаtrа, u rаdu sе оtvаrа i pitаnjе zаštо је оn pоstао prеdmеt intеrеsоvаnjа mоdеrnih аutоrа. Pоlаzеći оd prеtpоstаvkе dа је nајznаčајniјu ulоgu u tоm prоcеsu imаlа Sоfоklоvа drаmа, kоја је zа rаzliku оd Еshilоvе u Еuripidоvе sаčuvаnа, pristupilо sе njеnој dеtаlјnој аnаlizi kаkо bi sе dоkаzаlо dа su uprаvо Sоfоklоvа drаmskа rеšеnjа, nаčin pоstаvlјаnjа zаplеtа i čitаvе drаmskе strukurе prоuzrоkоvаli dа drаmа budе intrigаntnа i mnоgо nаkоn vrеmеnа u kојеm је nаstаlа i u sаsvim drugаčiјim kulturnim i istоriјskim kоntеkstimа. Svi budući аutоri su, stvаrајući svоја dеlа, pоlаzili оd Sоfоklоvоg, uglеdајući sе nа njеgа i оdrеđuјući sе u оdnоsu nа tоg аntičkоg Filоktеtа. Sоfоklоvа drаmа је јеdаn оd klјučnih kоnstituеnаtа оnоgа štо dаnаs zоvеmо mitоm о Filоktеtu, аli i prvа sаčuvаnа cеlоvitа drаmskа оbrаdа оvоg mitа. Оnа је istоvrеmеnо pоstаlа i nеzаоbilаznа smеrnicа drugim аutоrimа, јеr је stvоrilа strukturu zаsnоvаnu nа nеrеšivоm sukоbu аntаgоnistа – Filоktеtа i Оdisеја, čiјi su pоstupci višеstukо mоtivisаni i čiје su ulоgе krајnjе аmbilаvеntnе. Sоfоklоvа drаmа u kојој sе pојаvlјuјu sаmо muški likоvi pоkrеnulа је niz pitаnjа mеđu kојimа је prе svеgа оdnоs pојеdincа prеmа društvu ili zајеdnici, stаvlјајući nаglаsаk nа čоvеkа kао nа pоlitičku živоtinju, štо su аutоri, nаrоčitо dvаdеsеtоvеkоvni, prеpоznаli kао dео svоg iskustvа.Paper "Dramatic Versions of Philoctetes Myth in the Western European and Serbian Literature" begins from the oldest written sources in which the Trojan hero Philoctetes is mentioned, investigates first known dramatic versions of that myth in the work of Aeschylus, Euripides and Sophocles, and continues till 20th century drama which had new approach to this theme, changing it according to new historical experiences. This part is mainly dedicated to drama of André Gide ("Philoctetes", 1898), Heiner Miller("Philoktet", 1968), Velimir Lukić ("And death comes to Lemnos", 1970) and Seamus Heaney ("The Cure at Troy", 1990). Beside this main subject, we have also researched other, less known dramatic work which emerged in Europe, as "Philoctetes" of Jean-Baptiste de Chateaubrun from 1756. For the purpose of complete insight into presence of myth from antiquity to following centuries it was necessary to mention the works of art, like novels (Fénelone’s "Télémaque") or paintings. Finally, it is shortly analyzed the presence of myth in literature outside of Europe, in drama (Oscar Mandel) or novel (Robert Silverberg). Beside the tendency to offer most exhaustive overview and to show the presence of this myth in drama from antiquity to present day, paper discusses also the question of reasons why it became the object of interest to modern authors. Having the presumption that the most significant role in this process had drama of Sophocles, which is extant, differently from versions of Aeschylus or Euripides, it is analyzed in detail. The purpose of such approach is to make obvious that Sophocles’ solutions as such, his version of plot and dramatic structure made this story attractive long after its genesis and in totally different cultural and historical contexts. The starting point for all future authors was drama of Sophocles which they followed as an example and to which they determined their own work. Drama of Sophocles makes one of the key components of what we call “myth of Philoctetes”, but at the same time this is first complete dramatic version of that myth. By pointing out the unsolved antagonism between Philoctetes and Odysseus, whose actions has complex motivation and whose roles are highly ambivalent, drama became an inevitable guideline to other authors. Sophocles’ drama, with all male characters initiated many questions such as the position of individual among the societyor community, and emphasized the man as a “political animal”, which was something that authors from 20th century recognized as a part of their own experience

Uticaj genotipa i perioda laktacije na količinu, fizičke i hemijske osobine ovčijeg mleka

Two genotype of sheep have been utilized in the conduct of the experiment composed of 60 ewes from Pirot x Virtemberg as genotype 1 and 60 ewes of Improved Pirot as genotype 2. All the ewes were reared under identical conditions and without any differences in nutrition and management during the whole period under study. The collection of Milk sampling was done in morning and evening during periods (1, 2, 3) of lactation duration. The average lactation duration and average total milk of the two genotypes were very close and has a minimal difference of 0.467 day and 1.562 kg, in favor of genotype 2. The differences between genotypes were not significant (P>0,05). Regarding physical and chemical properties of milk for both genotypes, the difference were very minimal such as follows; viscosity Pa x s - 0.006, electrical conductivity Ω - 0.018, density kg/m3 -0,001, freezing, t 0C - 0.013, LD number - 0.028 total solids, % - 0.014, fat,% - 0,026, protein,% - 0.085, lactose,% - 0.038, ash,% - 0,021, acidity, 0SH - 0.209. The results indicated that the properties of milk for both genotypes were very near to each other. It can be interpreted that the breeds utilized in the experiment were comparable due to similar characteristics perhaps. The effect of genotype was very significant only for the % protein of the milk. The lactation periods were highly significant in all physical and chemical properties of milk.Istraživanja su obavljena kod dve rase ovaca i to 60 grla Pirotska x Virtemberg kao genotip 1 i 60 ovaca pirotske oplemenjene populacije, kao genotip 2. Sve životinje su držane u istim proizvodnim uslovima na farmi u Vrnjačkoj Banji. Prosečne vrednosti trajanja laktacije i mleka dobijenog u periodu laktacije su bile vrlo ujednačene, tako da nije utvrđen uticaj genotipa na ova svojstva. Takođe, razlike između fizičko hemijskih osobina mleka, u većini slučajeva su bile nesignifikantne. Uticaj genotipa kao fiksnog faktora je bio vrlo signifikantan samo kod sadržaja proteina u mleku ovaca (P (lt) 0.01). Međutim utvrđeno je da period laktacije ima vrlo signifikantan uticaj na sva posmatrana fizička i hemijska svojstva mleka

Ocena fenotipskih i genetskih trendova osobina porasta Lipske i Svrljiške rase ovaca

Some phenotypic and genetic trends on growth traits of lambs are observed. The research implicated lambs of two local breeds of sheep: Lipska (LP) and Svrljig (SV). All lambs were weighed for the first time at birth (BWB), and thereafter, regularly in two-week intervals. On the basis of the results during weighing the body weight (BW) were adjusted to the average age: 30 (BW30), 60 (BW60) and 90 days (BW90). Results of the effect of genotype on growth showed a significant effect on the growth traits. Sex of lambs had a significant effect at birth and very significant effect at 30 days, but had no significant effect on weight at 60 (BW60) and 90 (BW90) days. Birth type had significant effect on the body weight from birth to weaning and the highest body weights were recorded in singles. Phenotypic correlations were positive and very highly significant between the growth traits. Genetic correlations were significant, but not between all observed ages of lambs.Važniji fenotipski i genetski trendovi osobina porasta jagnjadi su ispitivani. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo jaganjce dveju lokalnih rasa ovaca: Lipska (LP) i Svrliška (SV). Sva jagnjad su merena prvi put na rođenju (BVB) i nakon toga redovno na dve nedelje. Na osnovu rezultata merenja telesne težine (BW) su prilagođene prosečnoj starosti 30 (BW30), 60 (BW60) i 90 dana (BW90). Rezultati uticaja genotipa na rast su pokazali vrlo značajan uticaj. Pol jagnjadi ima značajan efekat na rođenju i veoma značajan efekat sa 30 dana, ali nije imao značajan uticaj na masu sa 60 (BW60) i 90 (BW90) dana. Tip rođenja ima značajan uticaj na telesnu masu od rođenja do zalučenja, a veće mase su zabeležene kod jedinaca. Fenotipske korelacije su pozitivne i vrlo visoko značajne između osobina prirasta. Genetske korelacija bile su značajne, ali ne i između svih posmatranih perioda uzrasta jagnjadi

Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in women of reproductive age in northern Kosovska Mitrovica

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is one of the causative agents from the groups of TORCH infections, which are commonly associated with congenital anomalies. Objective: Defining risk factors for infection by Toxoplasma gondii of women in reproductive ages in the territory of Kosovska Mitrovica, as well as determination of seroprevalence of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in prenatal screening of pregnant women and women of childbearing age. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study that included 49, pregnant women and women of childbearing age has been conducted. The pregnant women have been monitored on regularly base, or some women have been treated in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of the Health Center in Kosovska Mitrovica. Ages, place of residence, education, gynecological history and exposure to the potential risk factors associated with Toxoplasma have been collected by questionnaires. Sera have been tested on the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondi by ELISA standard manufacturer's protocol (Euroimmun, Luebeck, Germany). Results: Our study shows that 32 (65.3%) women were seronegative, while 17 women (34.7%) were seropositive. Significant seropositivity has been recorded for the women who were in contact with the ground (42.9%), compared to the women who did not have this contact (23.8%). Uses of undercooked meat in the diet did not show any effect to the seropositive status of the respondents, i.e. greater percentage of analyzed patients (75.5%) used inadequately cooked meat. Even 93.3% of respondents deny contact with a cat. It is observed that seropositivity increased with the age. Conclusion: Seroprevalence to Toxoplasma gondii infection of women of childbearing in the territory of northern Kosovska Mitrovica is not high, which implied that there is a higher possibility for acquiring primary toxoplasmosis infection during pregnancy especially for women who come in contact with the ground