The role of the textbooks in the process of acquiring music literacy in lower grades of primary school students

Циљ овог рада представља добијање конкретних сазнања о заступљеним мето- дичким приступима и о квалитету садржаја у савременим уџбеницима музичке културе различитих издавача (Едука, Завод за уџбенике, Клет и Креативни центар) намењених музичком описмењавању ученика млађег школског узраста ради стварања основе за унапређивање уџбеничких комплета за наставу музичке културе. До одређених сазнања дошли смо помоћу формираних критеријума (систем категорија) за процену квалитета уџбеника музичке културе од првог до четвртог разреда општеобразовне школе у дефинисаној области почетна музичка писменост. Конкретни резултати добијени су спровођењем два истраживања: 1) анализа уџбеничких комплета различитих издавача помоћу конструисаних инструмената за две супстанцијалне уџбе- ничке јединице у процесу музичког описмењавања – уџбеник и носач звука (CD) и 2) испитивање мишљења учитеља (N = 340) о корисности компонената уџбеника за процес музичког описмењавања које смо реализовали помоћу конструисаног анкетног упитника (УМО 016). У раду се примењује дескриптивна метода, метода теоријске анализе, квантита- тивна и квалитативна анализа. При обради података коришћени су поступци и показате- љи дескриптивне статистике: дистрибуција учесталости, мере учесталости (фреквенције и проценти), мере просека (аритметичка средина) и процена варијабилности (стандардна девијација). Подаци анализе јединица садржаја уџбеничког комплета обрађени су фре- квенцијски и процентуално. На основу добијених резултата анализе уџбеничких комплета сазнајемо да сви издавачи примењују принцип рада од звука ка нотној слици, да примењују различите методичке приступе у реализацији потребних садржаја и да су заступљени садржаји у уџбенику из угла музичког описмењавања неуједначеног квалитета. Налази истраживања мишљења учитеља о квалитету, односно о степену корисности одређених компонената уџбеника за музичко описмењавање добијених посредством анкетног упитника у потпу- ности се подударају са нашим теоријским разматрањем проблема...The aim of this thesis is gaining thorough knowledge about the applied methodological approaches in the quality of contents in the contemporary Music culture textbooks of different publishers (Еduka, Zavod za udzbenike, Klet and Kretaivni centar), aimed at musical literacy of the lower grades primary school students, for the purpose of making a solid foundation for improving resource packs for teaching Musical culture. Certain knowledge was gained by the formed criteria (category system) for evaluation the quality of the Music culture textbooks in the lower grades (1st-4th) of the primary school in the defined field of the initial musical literacy. The definite results were gained by conducting two types of the research: 1) analysis of different textbooks with resource packs of different publishers by the aid of constructed instruments for two substantial textbook units in the process of obtaining musical literacy – text book with the audio recording (CD) and 2) examining the teachers' attitudes (N = 340) about the usefulness of the units of the course book for the process of obtaining musical literacy, realised by the constructed questionnaire (UMO 016). In the paper, we are applying descriptive method, method of theoretical analysis, quantitative and qualitative analysis. Data processing included the procedures and descriptors of descriptive statistics: distribution of the frequency, measures of frequency (frequencies and percentage), arithmetical mean and estimation of variability (standard deviation). Data of the analysis of the units of the contents are processed in frequency and percentage. Based on the given results of the analysis of the textbooks with recourse packs, we learnt that the authors of the stated publishers applied the principle of work from sound to the note picture, different methodological approaches in realisation of the needed contents, and that the applied contents in the textbooks from the angle of musical gaining literacy, and of an unequal quality. Findings of the research of thoughts of teachers about the quality, i.e. the degree of usefulness of certain textbook of Musical gaining literacy components were obtained by the means of the questionnaire and fully match our theoretical discussion of the problem. Results of the teachers' replies about the textbooks they mostly choose and use in their teaching and the results of the quantitative-qualitative research of the textbook from the aspect of musical gaining literacy of students do not rank the four publishers in the same order. Results of the systematically organised and scientifically founded analysis of substantial textbook units for work with sound (textbook and a CD) are not in accordance with the results gathered about teachers' attititudes and they are in favour of two publishers' resource packs which are not very frequently used in teaching..

Antifungal activity of indigenous bacillus sp. isolate Q3 against marshmallow mycobiota

Marshmallow is a host of a number of saprophytic and parasitic fungi in Serbia. The seeds of marshmallow are contaminated with fungi from different genera, especially Alternaria and Fusarium, which significantly reduced seed germination and caused seedling decay. In this study we investigate antagnonism of indigenous Bacillus sp. isolate Q3 against marshmallow mycopopulation. Bacillus sp. Q3 was isolated from maize rhizosphere, characterized by polyphasic approch and tested for plant growth promoting treats. Bacillus sp. Q3 produced antifungal metabolites with growth inhibition activity against numerous fungi in dual culture: 61.8% of Alternaria alternata, 74.8% of Myrothecium verrucaria and 33.6% of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. That effect could be caused by different antifungal metabolites including siderophores, hydrolytic enzymes, organic acids and indole acetic acid (IAA). Suppression of natural marshmallow seed infection by Q3 isolate was observed. The seeds were immersed in different concentrations of bacterial suspension during 2h and their infections by phytopathogenic fungi were estimated. The results showed significant reduction of seed infection by Alternaria spp. The presented results indicate possible application of this isolate as promising biological agent for control of marshmallow seed pathogenic fungi

Non-destructive characterisation and classification of ceramic artefacts using pEDXRF and statistical pattern recognition

Background: Portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (pEDXRF) spectrometry analysis was applied for the characterisation of archaeological ceramic findings from three Neolithic sites in Serbia. Two dimension reduction techniques, principal component analysis (PCA) and scattering matrices-based dimension reduction were used to examine the possible classification of those findings, and to extract the most discriminant features. Results: A decision-making procedure is proposed, whose goal is to classify unknown ceramic findings based on their elemental compositions derived by pEDXRF spectrometry. As a major part of decision-making procedure, the possibilities of two dimension reduction methods were tested. Scattering matrices-based dimension reduction was found to be the more efficient method for the purpose. Linear classifiers designed based on the desired output allowed for 7 of 8 unknown samples from the test set to be correctly classified. Conclusions: Based on the results, the conclusion is that despite the constraints typical of the applied analytical technique, the elemental composition can be considered as viable information in provenience studies. With a fully-developed procedure, ceramic artefacts can be classified based on their elemental composition and well-known provenance