33 research outputs found
Нерешени аграрно-правни односи у Османском царству као узроци народних покрета код Јужних Словена 1832-1860. године
После пораза у рату са Русима и Једренског уговора 1829 г. Порта је покушавала да на основу Танзиматског законодавства уреди и аграрно-правне односе на селу. Посебна уредба великог везира Мехмед Решил паше 1831/32. г. са важношћу за Приштински и друге Косовске пашалуке није била од трајније вредности. Међутим 1830-их година јавља се неколико већих буна јужнословенског становништва у Босни, Румелији и Бугарској
Optimization of ATM filling-in with cash
This report presents an approach for modeling daily cash demand for all ATMs in the Credit Agricole Bank network in Serbia. The approach is based on time series and regression methods for forecasting an optimal amount of money that should be placed daily in the ATMs in order to meet customers’ demands and mimimize costs of the bank. Three different types of costs were considered: cash freezing costs, transportation costs and insurance costs. The performance of the resulting forecasts were compared with results of the application that bank uses for prediciton of the time and the amount of filling-in for each ATM based on historical data
Optimizing Bus Routes in Nicosia
In this report the conclusions by the team of experts that took the ”Trans- portation Organization of the Nicosia District (OSEL)” challenge are provided. The challenge was to identify ways to improve efficiency of the bus network and increase the utilization of the network by the public. A thorough analysis of the various factors that affect bus route planning is provided. Moreover, a demonstration of a simplified route planning problem is described in order to motivate further work on this topic. Recommendations are provided to the company on the way to move forward towards solving the problem of creating a bus network with increased efficiency and grater appeal to the public. Specific recommendations include the collection of a larger amounts of data that can be used to generate models used in simulation analysis. Data include demographic data on bus usage and bus usage preferences by the public. In addition, data is required on bus travel times, walking distance to the nearest bus stop by the commuter, and traffic data
Pharmacological Applications of Bile Acids and Their Derivatives in the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome
Apart from well-known functions of bile acids in digestion and solubilization of lipophilic
nutrients and drugs in the small intestine, the emerging evidence from the past two
decades identified the role of bile acids as signaling, endocrine molecules that regulate
the glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism through complex and intertwined pathways
that are largely mediated by activation of nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR)
and cell surface G protein-coupled receptor 1, TGR5 (also known as GPBAR1).
Interactions of bile acids with the gut microbiota that result in the altered composition
of circulating and intestinal bile acids pool, gut microbiota composition and modified
signaling pathways, are further extending the complexity of biological functions of these
steroid derivatives. Thus, bile acids signaling pathways have become attractive targets
for the treatment of various metabolic diseases and metabolic syndrome opening the
new potential avenue in their treatment. In addition, there is a significant effort to
unveil some specific properties of bile acids relevant to their intrinsic potency and
selectivity for particular receptors and to design novel modulators of these receptors with
improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. This resulted in synthesis
of few semi-synthetic bile acids derivatives such as 6a-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid
(obeticholic acid, OCA), norursodeoxycholic acid (norUDCA), and 12-monoketocholic
acid (12-MKC) that are proven to have positive effect in metabolic and hepato-biliary
disorders. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge related to bile
acids implications in glucose, lipid and energy metabolism, as well as a potential
application of bile acids in metabolic syndrome treatment with future perspectives
Stability and Release Kinetics of an Advanced Gliclazide-Cholic Acid Formulation: The Use of Artificial-Cell Microencapsulation in Slow Release Targeted Oral Delivery of Antidiabetics
Introduction: In previous studies carried out in our laboratory, a bile acid (BA) formulation exerted a hypoglycaemic effect in a rat model of type-1 diabetes (T1D). When the antidiabetic drug gliclazide (G) was added to the bile acid, it augmented the hypoglycaemic effect. In a recent study, we designed a new formulation of gliclazide-cholic acid (G-CA), with good structural properties, excipient compatibility and exhibits pseudoplastic-thixotropic characteristics. The aim of this study is to test the slow release and pH-controlled properties of this new formulation. The aim is also to examine the effect of CA on G release kinetics at various pH values and different temperatures. Method: Microencapsulation was carried out using our Buchi-based microencapsulating system developed in our laboratory. Using sodium alginate (SA) polymer, both formulations were prepared: G-SA (control) and G-CA-SA (test) at a constant ratio (1:3:30), respectively. Microcapsules were examined for efficiency, size, release kinetics, stability and swelling studies at pH 1.5, pH 3, pH 7.4 and pH 7.8 and temperatures of 20 and 30 °C. Results: The new formulation is further optimised by the addition of CA. CA reduced microcapsule swelling of the microcapsules at pH 7.8 and pH 3 at 30 °C and pH 3 at 20 °C, and, even though microcapsule size remains similar after CA addition, percent G release was enhanced at high pH values (pH 7.4 and pH 7.8, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The new formulation exhibits colon-targeted delivery and the addition of CA prolonged G release suggesting its suitability for the sustained and targeted delivery of G and CA to the lower intestine