Striking Decrease of Enteroviral Meningitis in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

We report the unprecedented complete absence of pediatric enteroviral meningitis in 2020 in the area of Bern, Switzerland. Presumably an unintended effect of coronavirus disease 2019 public health measures, this finding highlights the potential of community-wide nonpharmaceutical interventions for controlling the circulation of a major pediatric pathogen, which is mainly transmitted by the fecal-oral route

POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE SAÚDE INTEGRAL DE LÉSBICAS, GAYS, BISSEXUAIS, TRAVESTIS E TRANSEXUAIS

Objective: This Information Bulletin aims to present The National Policy for the Integral Health of Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transvestites and Transsexuals (LGBT), its objectives and implementation challenges as an equity policy of the Unified Health System (SUS). The acronym that represents sexual and gender diversity, covers people who identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transvestite and Transsexual and/or Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual, Pansexual, Non-Binary People and other expressions of gender and sexuality. Conclusion: This population group historically suffers from a lack of health care, which is related to prejudice and discrimination by health professionals and the fear of experiencing embarrassment in health services. Although the creation of the Policy is an advance in access to health for this population, there are challenges to be faced, which include social vulnerability and prejudice. There is a perceived need to implement actions that address oral health, as well as specific actions and research to identify the main problems, establish resolution plans and permanently monitor these actions, as well as enabling easier access to oral health services in the SUS.Objetivo: Este Boletín Informativo tiene como objetivo presentar la Política Nacional de Salud Integral de Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales, Travestis y Transexuales (LGBT), sus objetivos y desafíos de implementación como política de equidad del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). La sigla que representa la diversidad sexual y de género, abarca a personas que se identifican como Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales, Travestis y Transexuales y/o Transgénero, Queer, Intersex, Asexual, Pansexual, No Binarias y otras expresiones de género y sexualidad. Conclusión: Este grupo poblacional sufre históricamente de falta de atención en salud, lo que se relaciona con prejuicios y discriminación por parte de los profesionales de la salud y el miedo a pasar vergüenza en los servicios de salud. Si bien la creación de la Política es un avance en el acceso a la salud de esta población, existen desafíos por enfrentar, que incluyen la vulnerabilidad y los prejuicios sociales. Se percibe la necesidad de implementar acciones que aborden la salud bucal, así como acciones e investigaciones específicas para identificar los principales problemas, establecer planes de resolución y monitorear permanentemente esas acciones, además de posibilitar un mayor acceso a los servicios de salud bucal en el SUS.Objetivo: Este Boletim Informativo tem o objetivo de apresentar a Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (LGBT), seus objetivos e desafios de implementação como política de equidade do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A sigla que representa a diversidade sexual e de gênero, abrange pessoas que se identificam como Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais e/ou Transgêneros, Queer, Intersexuais, Assexuais, Pansexuais, Pessoas Não-Binárias e outras expressões de gênero e sexualidade. Conclusão: Esse grupo populacional historicamente sofre desassistência na saúde que está relacionado ao preconceito e discriminação pelos profissionais da saúde e pelo medo de passarem por constrangimentos nos serviços de saúde. Embora a criação da Política seja um avanço no acesso à saúde dessa população, existem desafios a serem enfrentados que incluem a vulnerabilidade social e o preconceito. Percebe-se a necessidade de implementação de ações que contemplem a saúde bucal, assim como ações e pesquisas específicas para identificar os principais problemas, estabelecer planos resolutivos e fazer o monitoramento permanente dessas ações, assim como possibilitar o acesso facilitado aos serviços de saúde bucal no SUS

Early Steps in Autophagy Depend on Direct Phosphorylation of Atg9 by the Atg1 Kinase

Bulk degradation of cytoplasmic material is mediated by a highly conserved intracellular trafficking pathway termed autophagy. This pathway is characterized by the formation of double-membrane vesicles termed autophagosomes engulfing the substrate and transporting it to the vacuole/lysosome for breakdown and recycling. The Atg1/ULK1 kinase is essential for this process; however, little is known about its targets and the means by which it controls autophagy. Here we have screened for Atg1 kinase substrates using consensus peptide arrays and identified three components of the autophagy machinery. The multimembrane-spanning protein Atg9 is a direct target of this kinase essential for autophagy. Phosphorylated Atg9 is then required for the efficient recruitment of Atg8 and Atg18 to the site of autophagosome formation and subsequent expansion of the isolation membrane, a prerequisite for a functioning autophagy pathway. These findings show that the Atg1 kinase acts early in autophagy by regulating the outgrowth of autophagosomal membranes.ISSN:1097-2765ISSN:1097-416

Early Steps in Autophagy Depend on Direct Phosphorylation of Atg9 by the Atg1 Kinase

Bulk degradation of cytoplasmic material is mediated by a highly conserved intracellular trafficking pathway termed autophagy. This pathway is characterized by the formation of double-membrane vesicles termed autophagosomes engulfing the substrate and transporting it to the vacuole/lysosome for breakdown and recycling. The Atg1/ULK1 kinase is essential for this process; however, little is known about its targets and the means by which it controls autophagy. Here we have screened for Atg1 kinase substrates using consensus peptide arrays and identified three components of the autophagy machinery. The multimembrane-spanning protein Atg9 is a direct target of this kinase essential for autophagy. Phosphorylated Atg9 is then required for the efficient recruitment of Atg8 and Atg18 to the site of autophagosome formation and subsequent expansion of the isolation membrane, a prerequisite for a functioning autophagy pathway. These findings show that the Atg1 kinase acts early in autophagy by regulating the outgrowth of autophagosomal membranes