Analysis of the impact of sex and age on the variation in the prevalence of antinuclear autoantibodies in Polish population: a nationwide observational, cross-sectional study

The detection of antinuclear autoantibody (ANA) is dependent on many factors and varies between the populations. The aim of the study was first to assess the prevalence of ANA in the Polish adult population depending on age, sex and the cutoff threshold used for the results obtained. Second, we estimated the occurrence of individual types of ANA-staining patterns. We tested 1731 patient samples using commercially available IIFA using two cutoff thresholds of 1:100 and 1:160. We found ANA in 260 participants (15.0%), but the percentage of positive results strongly depended on the cutoff level. For a cutoff threshold 1:100, the positive population was 19.5% and for the 1:160 cutoff threshold, it was 11.7%. The most prevalent ANA-staining pattern was AC-2 Dense Fine speckled (50%), followed by AC-21 Reticular/AMA (14.38%) ANA more common in women (72%); 64% of ANA-positive patients were over 50 years of age. ANA prevalence in the Polish population is at a level observed in other highly developed countries and is more prevalent in women and elderly individuals. To reduce the number of positive results released, we suggest that Polish laboratories should set 1:160 as the cutoff threshold

Environmental awareness. Data from a questonnaire addressed to the youth and adults from the Mazowieckie Voievodeship

Wyniki badań młodzieży i dorosłych z województwa mazowieckiego. W kwietniu i maju 2007 roku podjęto próbę zbadania świadomości ekologicznej mieszkańców Warszawy i okolic. Badaniu poddano 137 osób, w tym 71 uczniów z trzech warszawskich szkół ponadgimnazjalnych oraz 66 osób dorosłych. Wśród badanych przeważali mieszkańcy Warszawy, ze średnim (66%) lub wyższym wykształceniem (32%). Cechą charakterystyczną postaw wobec problemów ekologicznych jest niespójność komponentów tych postaw. W dobie wdrażania zasad rozwoju zrównoważonego może cieszyć fakt, że 80% respondentów uważa, że jest możliwe pogodzenie interesów społeczeństwa z dobrem środowiska.Data from a questionnaire addressed to the youth and adults from the Mazowieckie Voievodeship. In April and May 2007 an attempt was made to determine the level f environmental awareness of the inhabitants of Warsaw and its adjacent areas. The number of 137 persons was investigated including 71 students from the Warsaw secondary education schools and 66 adults. Residents of Warsaw with academic (66%) or higher aecondary education (32%) dominated in the investigated group. A typical feature of the attitudes towards the environmental issues is an inconsistency of these attitudes. In the age of sustainable development principles implementation, the fact that 80% of respondents state that public interest can be reconciled with the environmental good is an optimistic finding. The results of the questionnaire confirm that the motives and behavioral schemes of humans originate from theirknowledge on a given topic. The environmental knowledge must therefore refer to the motivation sphere and be based on personal experiences of people. If the society is to effectively overcome the environmental risks, it is necessary to create an appropriate moral position of the humans individually or of specific social groups. Environmental protection should be perceived not only from the viewpoint of legal regulations but the meaning of environmental ethics should be better estimated

On sets of PP-generators of finite groups

DOI: 10.1017/S000497271400072

Addendum to: "On sets of PP-generators of finite groups"

DOI: 10.1017/S000497271500114

On Generating Sets of Finite Algebras

We consider here some notions and results about sets of generators of finite algebras motivated by the case of finite groups. We illustrate these notions by simple examples closed to lattices and semigroups. Next, we examine these notions in the case of groups with operators

The technical condition of weir constructions in the sub-irrigation system on the Solec site

W pracy dokonano oceny stanu technicznego budowli piętrzących (przepusto-zastawek i zastawek) zlokalizowanych na obiekcie nawodnień podsiąkowych Solec. Analizy dokonano w aspekcie możliwości odbudowy i modernizacji systemu melioracyjnego w celu ponownego wykorzystania do zwiększenia retencji wodnej na przyległych obszarach. Badaniami objęto wybrane parametry budowli, jak: wielkość przykrycia glebą rurociągów podziemnych przepusto-zastawek, stan ich zamulenia, wielkość osadzenia przyczółków w stosunku do powierzchni terenu oraz stan prowadnic i elementów piętrzących. Analizowano również wpływ prac konserwacyjnych lub ich braku na wybrane parametry techniczne analizowanych budowli. Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie zalecanych metod pomiarowych wraz ze stosowanymi kryteriami oceny stanu technicznego wybranych parametrów technicznych. Obecnie żadna z analizowanych budowli nie jest w stanie piętrzyć i blokować odpływu wody na rozpatrywanym terenie gleb torfowo-murszowych.The paper presents an assessment of the technical condition of the weir constructions (culvertweirs and weirs) located in the sub-irrigation system Solec. The analysis was made in terms of the possibility of reconstruction and modernization of the sub-irrigation system for increasing of water retention in surroundings areas. The study included some parameters of weir constructions such as: the size of the soil cover of underground pipelines of culvert-weirs, their state of sediment deposits, the position of the abutments in relation to the soil surface and the state of guides and rising elements. Also the impact of conservation works or lack them on selected technical parameters was analysed. This study was based on recommended methods of measurement, together with the applicable criteria for assessing the technical condition of selected technical parameters. At present, none of the analysed weir constructions can not accumulate and block the water outlet on the considered area of peatmoors soils