66 research outputs found
Action of laccase on mechanical softwood pulps
TrĂ€fibrernas naturliga egenskaper begrĂ€nsar deras anvĂ€ndning i mĂ„nga tillĂ€mpningar. TrĂ€fibrernas egenskaper kan modifieras genom att binda nya komponenter med önskade egenskaper till fiberns yta. DI Stina Grönqvist bevisade i sin avhandling att nya funktionella grupper kan bindas till ligninhaltiga trĂ€fibrer genom att aktivera ytligninet med lackasenzym. Resultaten kan utnyttjas till att förbĂ€ttra de traditionella trĂ€fibrernas och fiberprodukternas egenskaper samt att hitta nya tillĂ€mpningar för trĂ€fibrerna. âOm trĂ€fibrerna t.ex. modifieras sĂ„ att de blir vattenavstötande kan de modifierade trĂ€fibrerna anvĂ€ndas istĂ€llet för plast i förpackningarâ berĂ€ttar Stina Grönqvist.
Syftet med denna avhandling var att undersöka effekterna av lackasenzym pÄ TMP (termomekanisk massa) och dess fraktioner. I Finland tillverkas TMP av gran och massan innehÄller rikligt med lignin.
NÀr ytligninet pÄ trÀfibrernas yta modifieras med hjÀlp av oxiderande enzymer, sÄsom lackas, bildas reaktiva radikaler i ligninen pÄ fibrernas ytor. De bildade radikalerna kan utnyttjas till att binda komponenter med nya egenskaper till fiberytan. För att kunna utnyttja den fulla potentialen av den lackasbaserade modifieringsmetoden behövs mera information om sÄ vÀl de faktorer som pÄverkar bildningen av radikaler som om mekanismerna hur de nya komponenterna binds till fibrerna.
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Puukuitujen luontaiset ominaisuudet rajoittavat niiden hyödyntĂ€mistĂ€ joissakin sovelluksissa. Ominaisuuksia voidaan kuitenkin muuttaa liittĂ€mĂ€llĂ€ kuidun pintaan uusia yhdisteitĂ€. DI Stina Grönqvist osoitti vĂ€itöstyössÀÀn, ettĂ€ uusia kuitujen ominaisuuksia muuttavia funktionaalisia yhdisteitĂ€ voidaan sitoa ligniinipitoisiin puukuituihin aktivoimalla kuitujen pinnan ligniiniĂ€ lakkaasi-entsyymillĂ€. Tutkimuksen tuloksia voidaan hyödyntÀÀ ligniinipitoisten puukuitujen ominaisuuksien parantamiseen ja jopa tĂ€ysin uusien ominaisuuksien kehittĂ€miseen. âJos kuituja muutetaan vettĂ€ hylkivĂ€ksi sitomalla kuituihin vettĂ€ hylkiviĂ€ yhdisteitĂ€ entsyymien avulla, voidaan puukuituja kĂ€yttÀÀ korvaamaan muovia pakkauksissaâ, kertoo Stina Grönqvist.
VÀitöstyön kohteena oli TMP-massan eli kuumahiertÀmÀllÀ valmistetun mekaanisen puumassojen ja niiden fraktioiden muokkaaminen lakkaasi-entsyymillÀ (TMP, Thermomechanical pulp). Suomalainen TMP-massa valmistetaan kuusesta ja siinÀ on runsaasti muokkaamatonta ligniiniÀ.
Kun puukuidun pinnan ligniiniÀ muokataan hapettavilla entsyymeillÀ, muodostuu kuidun pintaan reaktiivisia radikaaleja. Syntyneiden radikaalien avulla kuituihin voidaan liittÀÀ yhdisteitÀ, jotka antavat kuidulle uusia ominaisuuksia. MenetelmÀn tarjoamien mahdollisuuksien hyödyntÀmiseksi tarvitaan tietoa kuidun radikalisointiin ja yhdisteiden liittÀmiseen vaikuttavista tekijöistÀ
High consistency enzymatic pretreatment of eucalyptus and softwood kraft fibres for regenerated fibre products
Sustainability of regenerated cellulosic fibres could be improved by using paper grade pulp instead of dissolving pulp as a raw material in the fibre spinning process. However, the use of paper grade pulp calls for adjustment of the molar mass distribution (MMD) prior to dissolution to obtain good solubility and spinnability. The objective of this work was to adjust MMD of softwood and eucalyptus kraft pulps by enzymatic treatments at high pulp consistency. The reduction of the MMD of eucalyptus kraft pulp was found to require a nearly 30-fold higher dose of endoglucanase compared to the treatment of softwood pulp. Interestingly, when xylanase was used in combination with endoglucanase to treat eucalyptus kraft pulp, 27% of the xylan was dissolved and the required endoglucanase dose could be decreased from 0.57 to 0.06Â mg/g. The endoglucanase dose could be further decreased to 0.028Â mg/g when 67% of xylan was removed chemically before the enzymatic treatment. This suggests that xylan hinders endoglucanase action on eucalyptus kraft pulp. For softwood pulp, the addition of xylanase and mannanase had only a minor impact on the treatment efficiency. The different processabilities of softwood and eucalyptus kraft pulps are suggested to originate from the deviating cellulose accessibility which is affected by the fibre structures as well as their hemicellulose composition and localisation. The effect of the treatment consistency was further studied with softwood kraft pulp. Treatment at high consistency clearly enhanced the endoglucanase action whereas the effect of solid content on the hemicellulase action was modest.</p
High consistency mechano-enzymatic pretreatment for kraft fibres : effect of treatment consistency on fibre properties
Fibre reactivity is essential for cellulose dissolution and derivatisation and a porous fibre structure is one key determinant for a highly reactive pulp. Mechanical and enzymatic treatments are known to improve fibre reactivity and more recently, the combination of mechano-enzymatic treatment has been shown to synergistically enhance the beneficial effect. The aim of this work was to do a systematic study on the effect of dry matter content during enzymatic modification of fibres and define the conditions that optimally improve fibre porosity. The combined mechano-enzymatic treatments at 15-25 w% consistency had the most pronounced effect on fibre porosity and morphology analysed by solute exclusion technique, nitrogen sorption and scanning electron microscopy. Light microscopy imaging confirmed that the combined mechano-enzymatic treatment at high consistency (> 10 w%) resulted in extensive fibrillation of the treated fibres which was not observed after sole mechanical or enzymatic treatments.Peer reviewe
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