Conspicuous Dash\u27: New Biographies Log One Bold Confederate\u27s Naval Exploits

This review is also available under the following title: Sea...

A Naval Sieve: The Union Blockade in the Civil War

A navy imposes a blockade in order to isolate the enemy, or some part of his territory, from the rest of the world. In most wars the side with the stronger fleet tries to blockade the other side. Thus, the British Navy has blockaded among others, France, the United Stares, Germany, and most recently the Argentine forces in the Falkland Islands. The United States Navy has blockaded Mexico, the Confederacy, the Spanish forces in Cuba, Japan, and briefly, North Vietnam

HM 12: The Queenstown Patrol, 1917 - The Diary of Commander Joseph Knefler Taussig, U.S. Navy

Professor William N. Still, Jr., has chosen to mark a turning point in U.S. naval history. The diary is more than interesting and colorful information about the wartime exploits of a distinguished U.S. naval officer, and it is even more than the insider\u27s narrative of an operational challenge amply fulfilled.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/usnwc-historical-monographs/1011/thumbnail.jp

Network information and connected correlations

Entropy and information provide natural measures of correlation among elements in a network. We construct here the information theoretic analog of connected correlation functions: irreducible $N$--point correlation is measured by a decrease in entropy for the joint distribution of $N$ variables relative to the maximum entropy allowed by all the observed $N-1$ variable distributions. We calculate the ``connected information'' terms for several examples, and show that it also enables the decomposition of the information that is carried by a population of elements about an outside source.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

KOI-54: The Kepler Discovery of Tidally Excited Pulsations and Brightenings in a Highly Eccentric Binary

Kepler observations of the star HD 187091 (KIC 8112039, hereafter KOI-54) revealed a remarkable light curve exhibiting sharp periodic brightening events every 41.8 days with a superimposed set of oscillations forming a beating pattern in phase with the brightenings. Spectroscopic observations revealed that this is a binary star with a highly eccentric orbit, e = 0.83. We are able to match the Kepler light curve and radial velocities with a nearly face-on (i = 5 degrees.5) binary star model in which the brightening events are caused by tidal distortion and irradiation of nearly identical A stars during their close periastron passage. The two dominant oscillations in the light curve, responsible for the beating pattern, have frequencies that are the 91st and 90th harmonic of the orbital frequency. The power spectrum of the light curve, after removing the binary star brightening component, reveals a large number of pulsations, 30 of which have a signal-to-noise ratio greater than or similar to 7. Nearly all of these pulsations have frequencies that are either integer multiples of the orbital frequency or are tidally split multiples of the orbital frequency. This pattern of frequencies unambiguously establishes the pulsations as resonances between the dynamic tides at periastron and the free oscillation modes of one or both of the stars. KOI-54 is only the fourth star to show such a phenomenon and is by far the richest in terms of excited modes.NASA, Science Mission DirectorateNASA NNX08AR14GEuropean Research Council under the European Community 227224W.M. Keck FoundationMcDonald Observator

Architecture of Kepler's Multi-transiting Systems: II. New investigations with twice as many candidates

We report on the orbital architectures of Kepler systems having multiple planet candidates identified in the analysis of data from the first six quarters of Kepler data and reported by Batalha et al. (2013). These data show 899 transiting planet candidates in 365 multiple-planet systems and provide a powerful means to study the statistical properties of planetary systems. Using a generic mass-radius relationship, we find that only two pairs of planets in these candidate systems (out of 761 pairs total) appear to be on Hill-unstable orbits, indicating ~96% of the candidate planetary systems are correctly interpreted as true systems. We find that planet pairs show little statistical preference to be near mean-motion resonances. We identify an asymmetry in the distribution of period ratios near first-order resonances (e.g., 2:1, 3:2), with an excess of planet pairs lying wide of resonance and relatively few lying narrow of resonance. Finally, based upon the transit duration ratios of adjacent planets in each system, we find that the interior planet tends to have a smaller transit impact parameter than the exterior planet does. This finding suggests that the mode of the mutual inclinations of planetary orbital planes is in the range 1.0-2.2 degrees, for the packed systems of small planets probed by these observations.Comment: Accepted to Ap