PCPro a Novel Technology for Rapid Prototyping and Rapid Manufacturing

PCPro stands for Precise Cast Prototyping, which is a combination of casting technologies and milling. This method was developed at Fraunhofer IWS in Dresden, Germany. It is patented in Germany [1] and is applied in the USA under US 10/794,936. The main goal for this development was to shorten the process chain for making plastic prototypes accompanied by higher quality. The casting technology was integrated in a machining center in order to enable a high degree of automation and to avoid an external casting system. This means that Rapid Manufacturing can be easily implemented using such an automated combination of casting and machining. This article describes the PCPro method by means of the fabrication of sample parts. The advantages and the limitations in comparison to common Rapid Prototyping and Rapid Manufacturing process chains will be discussed. In addition, the manufacturing of a prototype machine is presented.Mechanical Engineerin

Muscular Strength, Muscular Endurance, and Circulorespiratory Endurance of University of North Dakota Varsity Wrestlers During the 1970-71 Season

This study was conducted to establish those changes which occurred in muscular strength, muscular endurance, and circulorespiratory endurance over a one season period. Pre-season, pre-Christmas, post- Christmas, and post-season tests were administered to eleven University of North Dakota varsity wrestlers. The tests included the twelve minute run-walk, used to measure circulorespiratory endurance, and two weight training lifts—the bench press and the prone row, used to measure muscular strength and endurance. Each of the lifts was administered to test muscular responses four ways: static strength, static endurance, dynamic strength, and dynamic endurance. A Randomized Block Analysis of Variance and the Dunn\u27s c Test were used to analyze the results at the 0.05 level of significance. Significant gains occurred in the dynamic strength prone row test. Significant losses occurred in static endurance bench press and prone row. Gains also occurred in the static strength bench press and the twelve minute run-walk. Losses occurred in dynamic strength bench press, dynamic endurance prone row and bench press

Geological maps in Texas

Bulletin of the University of Texas ; 1916: no. 35, June 20, 1916UT Librarie

How to Manage a Marital Dispute: Legal Pluralism from the Ground Up in Zanzibar

This paper considers legal pluralism on the Swahili Coast by looking at marital dispute resolution among Muslims in Zanzibar, Tanzania. The state of Zanzibar, a semi-autonomous island polity of Tanzania, has its own semi-independent legal system, which includes Islamic courts for family disputes for Muslims. Through investigating legal pluralism from the point of view of lay people and their day-to-day legal practice, the paper argues for studying legal pluralism from the ground up, thus building on calls from Caplan and Dupret for socio-legal scholars studying legal pluralism to ask “what is the law” through the eyes of everyday people. In particular, I aim to show how different legal actors—primarily lay people—recognize and apprehend this pluralism and compare their often very different arguments about the ramifications and consequences of such pluralism. The paper draws on ethnographic data, interviews, and documents from rural Zanzibari Islamic courts and the surrounding community

Anatomy of Spin-Transfer Torque

Spin-transfer torques occur in magnetic heterostructures because the transverse component of a spin current that flows from a non-magnet into a ferromagnet is absorbed at the interface. We demonstrate this fact explicitly using free electron models and first principles electronic structure calculations for real material interfaces. Three distinct processes contribute to the absorption: (1) spin-dependent reflection and transmission; (2) rotation of reflected and transmitted spins; and (3) spatial precession of spins in the ferromagnet. When summed over all Fermi surface electrons, these processes reduce the transverse component of the transmitted and reflected spin currents to nearly zero for most systems of interest. Therefore, to a good approximation, the torque on the magnetization is proportional to the transverse piece of the incoming spin current.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Hygroscopicity as a Factor in the Thermal Conductivity of Loose-Fill Insulators

There has been constructed a thermal conductivity apparatus of the guarded hot plate type employing a compensatory heating unit and designed to test samples having low values of thermal conductivity. Tests on various types of loose-fill thermal insula· tors reveal that there is a linear increase of thermal conductivity with increased moisture content. Depending upon the particular type of sample under consideration, a hygroscopicity of 20 to 30 per cent by weight completely vitiates the efficacy of loose-fill jnsulation

Charge pumping and the colored thermal voltage noise in spin valves

Spin pumping by a moving magnetization gives rise to an electric voltage over a spin valve. Thermal fluctuations of the magnetization manifest themselves as increased thermal voltage noise with absorption lines at the ferromagnetic resonance frequency and/or zero frequency. The effect depends on the magnetization configuration and can be of the same order of magnitude as the Johnson-Nyquist thermal noise. Measuring colored voltage noise is an alternative to ferromagnetic resonance experiments for nano-scale ferromagnetic circuits.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure

Distortion of the Stoner-Wohlfarth astroid by a spin-polarized current

The Stoner-Wohlfarth astroid is a fundamental object in magnetism. It separates regions of the magnetic field space with two stable magnetization equilibria from those with only one stable equilibrium and it characterizes the magnetization reversal of nano-magnets induced by applied magnetic fields. On the other hand, it was recently demonstrated that transfer of spin angular momentum from a spin-polarized current provides an alternative way of switching the magnetization. Here, we examine the astroid of a nano-magnet with uniaxial magnetic anisotropy under the combined influence of applied fields and spin-transfer torques. We find that spin-transfer is most efficient at modifying the astroid when the external field is applied along the easy-axis of magnetization. On departing from this situation, a threshold current appears below which spin-transfer becomes ineffective yielding a current-induced dip in the astroid along the easy-axis direction. An extension of the Stoner-Wohlfarth model is outlined which accounts for this phenomenon.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

Assessing Criterion Validity of Using Internet Searches as a Measure of Public Attention

We examine the criterion validity of using internet searches as a measure of public attention to United States Supreme Court (USSC) cases. First, we construct a measure of public attention to three cases by comparing relevant search terms in Google Trends to one top search terms of the year, then sum the measure week by week during the period of the research design. To test the measure’s criterion validity, we replicate Scott and Saunders’ (2006) models using their dataset (created by conducting phone interviews of a national sample using random digit dialing) that was designed to assess awareness of USSC decisions. We fnd that public attention as measured by Google Trends data is predictive of public awareness of USSC decisions for two of their three models. We conclude that using free, publicly available big data to measure public attention to USSC cases has criterion validity, and is a valuable tool for researchers studying public policy and process. Our fndings contribute to the body of research by demonstrating the validity of internet searches as a measure of public attention beyond its validity in elections and public policy, as Swearingen and Ripberger (2014) and Ripberger (2011) have done