You will take care of me when I am old: Norms on children's caregiver obligations - An analysis with data from the European Values Study

Objective: We explore gender differences in support of the norm that children must provide care for their parents. Background: Society's values and norms play a crucial role in deciding whether to provide family care. We investigate these values and norms on family care by analyzing which individual and country level factors affect them. Method: We use data from the European Values Study wave 5 and multilevel regression techniques. The question, "Adult children have the duty to provide long-term care for their parents", serves as our dependent variable. The explanatory variables at the individual level are gender and further socio-demographic variables. At the country level, we include expenditures on health care, and the female labor force participation rate. Results: The results show that women, as well as those living in countries with high expenditure on health care and high female labor force participation rates, are less supportive of the norm that children have an obligation to provide care for their parents. Furthermore, the gender effect is stronger in countries with a higher female labor force participation rate. Conclusion: Norms and values on family care are not fixed and can change, as suggested by the differences between countries. They are also not shared by all social groups equally, as the differences between women and men and along other socio-demographics show. Replication files: https://ubp.uni-bamberg.de/jfr/index.php/jfr/article/view/854/704

Ionic liquids for carbon dioxide capture and conversion

Ionic liqs. (ILs) are defined as org. compds. consisting entirely of ions and are characterized by m.ps. below 100 °C, with many of them being liq. at room temp. (RTILs). ILs feature often unique property profiles, which can be tuned by design, such as viscosity, d., soly., cond. or high thermal and chem. stability, just to name the most important ones. With these versatile properties they may have a major impact on many promising applications. In this context, our focus is on CO2 capture. The current process to capture CO2 is based on highly corrosive, volatile and smelly aq. amine

Applanation-free femtosecond laser processing of the cornea

A novel approach for applanation-free femtosecond refractive surgery with the help of a contact liquid layer is presented. A laboratory device for performing corneal procedures is described based on a femtosecond-laser system which has been tested and evaluated by processing ex vivo pig eyes. With its help, flap cuttings for different flap thicknesses were performed. The accomplished corneal surfaces are comparable to already published results. The reproducibility of the flap thicknesses is very good, with a standard deviation of 10 µm. The processing and removal of an intrastromal lenticule as thin as 30 µm could be shown. The extraction of such lenticule through a corneal side channel could also be accomplished successfully and is a promising improvement of the overall surgery procedure

Aluminium electrodeposition from ionic liquid: Effect of deposition temperature and sonication

Since their discovery, ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted a wide interest for their potential use as a medium for many chemical processes, in particular electrochemistry. As electrochemical media they allow the electrodeposition of elements that are impossible to reduce in aqueous media. We have investigated the electrodeposition of aluminium from 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ((Bmim)Cl)/AlCl3 (40/60 mol %) as concerns the effect of deposition parameters on the quality of the deposits. Thick (20 μm) aluminium coatings were electrodeposited on brass substrates at different temperatures and mixing conditions (mechanical stirring and sonication). These coatings were investigated by means of scanning electron microscope, roughness measurements, and X-ray diffraction to assess the morphology and the phase composition. Finally, electrochemical corrosion tests were carried out with the intent to correlate the deposition parameters to the anti-corrosion properties

Nel positively regulates the genesis of retinal ganglion cells by promoting their differentiation and survival during development

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

a transparent plastic varnish with nanoparticulate magnetic additives

For the purpose of preparing TCCs (= transparent and electrical conducting coatings), metallic and ferromagnetic nano-additives were dispersed into a transparent varnish and the obtained dispersions were coated on transparent plastic substrates. During hardening of the dispersion the magnetic nano- additives were aligned by a magnetic field. The resulting coatings have electrical pathways along lines of nano-additive chains and are highly transparent in the areas between the lines. Therefore, the electrical conductivity is anisotropic, and it depends on the alignment of the nano- additives (i.e. on the distance between the nano-additives within the chains and the length of the lines) as well as on the thickness of an oxide and/or solvent shell around the nano-additives. The transparency depends also on the alignment and here especially on the thickness and the distance between the formed lines. The quality of the alignment in turn, depends on the magnetic properties and on the size of the particles. We used commercial plastic varnishes, which form electrically isolating (≥ 10− 12 S/m) and transparent (about 90% transparency) coatings, and the following magnetic additives: Co-, Fe-, CoPt3, CoPt3@Au- and Fe@Au-nanoparticles as well as CoNi-nanowires. Coatings with Fe@Au-nanoparticles show the best results in terms of the electrical conductivity (10− 5 S/m–10− 6 S/m) at transparencies above 70%. Furthermore, in addition to the magnetic nano-additives, transparent additives (Al2O3-particles) and non-magnetic, but better conducting additives (carbon- nanotubes) were added to the varnish to increase the transparency and the electrical conductivity, respectively

Cultivation of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells Isolated from Paired Donor Corneas

Consistent expansion of human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs) is critical in the development of tissue engineered endothelial constructs. However, a wide range of complex culture media, developed from different basal media have been reported in the propagation of hCECs, some with more success than others. These results are further confounded by donor-to-donor variability. The aim of this study is to evaluate four culture media in the isolation and propagation of hCECs isolated from a series of paired donor corneas in order to negate donor variability

078. 1-26-81 John 4

Chapel Sermon by F Stiemke on Monday, January 26, 1981