New applications for phosphoric acid fuel cells

New applications for phosphoric acid fuel cells were identified and evaluated. Candidates considered included all possibilities except grid connected electric utility applications, on site total energy systems, industrial cogeneration, opportunistic use of waste hydrogen, space and military applications, and applications smaller than 10 kW. Applications identified were screened, with the most promising subjected to technical and economic evaluation using a fuel cell and conventional power system data base developed in the study. The most promising applications appear to be the underground mine locomotive and the railroad locomotive. Also interesting are power for robotic submersibles and Arctic villages. The mine locomotive is particularly attractive since it is expected that the fuel cell could command a very high price and still be competitive with the conventionally used battery system. The railroad locomotive's attractiveness results from the (smaller) premium price which the fuel cell could command over the conventional diesel electric system based on its superior fuel efficiency, and on the large size of this market and the accompanying opportunities for manufacturing economy

Assessment of industrial applications for fuel cell cogeneration systems

The fuel cell energy systems are designed with and without a utility connection for emergency back-up power. Sale of electricity to the utility during periods of low plant demand is not considered. For each of the three industrial applications, conceptual designs were also developed for conventional utility systems relying on purchased electric power and fossil-fired boilers for steam/hot water. The capital investment for each energy system is estimated. Annual operating costs are also determined for each system. These cost estimates are converted to levelized annual costs by applying appropriate economic factors. The breakeven electricity price that would make fuel cell systems competitive with the conventional systems is plotted as a function of naphtha price. The sensitivity of the breakeven point to capital investment and coal price is also evaluated

The diagnostic accuracy of the rapid ultrasound in shock (rush) exam for shock etiology : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Poster presented at the 2017 Health Sciences Research Day which was organized and sponsored by the University of Missouri School of Medicine Research Council and held on November 9, 2017.Conclusion: The RUSH performs generally well to diagnose the category of shock in patients presenting with undifferentiated shock to the ED. However, given modest –LR values for several categories (notably distributive and mixed-etiology), it is likely best employed as one component to a complete evaluation of a patient with undifferentiated shock, rather than be relied upon solely

Adverse events related to ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia performed by Emergency Physicians: Systematic review protocol

The use of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia for pain management has become increasingly prevalent in Emergency Medicine, with studies noting excellent pain control while sparing opioid use. However, the use of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia may be hampered by concern about risks for patient harm. This systematic review protocol describes our approach to evaluate the incidence of adverse events from the use of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia by Emergency Physicians as described in the literature. This project will also seek to document the scope of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia applications being performed in Emergency Medicine literature, and potentially serve as a framework for future systematic reviews evaluating adverse events in Emergency Medicine

Cut vertices in zero-divisor graphs of finite commutative rings

A cut vertex of a connected graph is a vertex whose removal would result in a graph having two or more connected components. We examine the presence of cut vertices in zero-divisor graphs of finite commutative rings and provide a partial classification of the rings in which they appear

Irreducible divisor graphs and factorization properties of domains

This article examines the connections between the factorization properties of a domain, e.g., unique factorization domain (UFD), finite factorization domain (FFD), and the domain\u27s irreducible divisor graphs. In particular, we show that although there are some nice correlations between the properties of the domain D and the set of irreducible divisor graphs {G(x): x D* \ U(D)} when D is an FFD, it is very unlikely that any information about the domain D can be gleaned from the collection {G(x): x D* \ U(D)} when D is not an FFD. We also introduce an alternate irreducible divisor graph called the compressed irreducible divisor graph and study some of its properties

Cut-structures in zero-divisor graphs of commutative rings

Zero-divisor graphs, and more recently, compressed zero-divisor graphs are well represented in the commutative ring literature. In this work, we consider various cut structures, sets of edges or vertices whose removal disconnects the graph, in both compressed and non-compressed zero-divisor graphs. In doing so, we connect these graph-theoretic concepts with algebraic notions and provide realization theorems of zero-divisor graphs for commutative rings with identity