1,445 research outputs found
Empirical competence-testing: A psychometric examination of the German version of the Emotional Competence Inventory
The âEmotional Competence Inventoryâ (ECI 2.0) by Goleman and Boyatzis assesses emotional intelligence (EI) in organizational context by means of 72 items in 4 clusters (self-awareness, self- management, social awareness, social skills) which at large consist of 18 competencies. Our study examines the psychometric properties of the first German translation of this instrument in two different surveys (N = 236). If all items are included in reliability analysis the ECI is reliable (Cronbachâs Alpha = .90), whereas the reliability of the four sub dimensions is much smaller (Alpha = .62 - .81). For 43 items the corrected item-total correlation with its own scale is higher than correlations with the other three clusters. Convergent validity was examined by using another EI instrument (Wong & Law, 2002). We found a significant correlation between the two instruments (r = .41). The German version of the ECI seems to be quite useful, although the high reliability is achieved by a large number of items. Possibilities of improvement are discussed
Emotional Intelligence and its consequences for occupational and life satisfaction - Emotional Intelligence in the context of irrational beliefs
According to Albert Ellis' theory of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy irrational beliefs (IB) lead to maladaptive emotions. A central component of irrationality is the denial of one's own possibilities to control important aspects of life. A specific IB is that one cannot control and thus cannot avoid certain emotion states. Emotion research considers regulative emotion control a pivotal component of the concept of emotional intelligence (EI). A negative association between IB and EI can thus be theoretically derived from both concepts. Furthermore both should be related to life satisfaction. We examined the relationship between IB and EI using standardized questionnaire instruments and the predictive value of both concepts regarding life satisfaction. We found a significant negative correlation between both conceptions (r = -.21). Life satisfaction and occupational satisfaction are better predicted by IB. RÂČ increases from .04 to .12 when both concepts are incorporated in regression analysis
Foci of Schistosomiasis mekongi, Northern Cambodia: II. Distribution of infection and morbidity.
In the province of Kracheh, in Northern Cambodia, a baseline epidemiological survey on Schistosoma mekongi was conducted along the Mekong River between December 1994 and April 1995. The results of household surveys of highly affected villages of the East and the West bank of the river and of school surveys in 20 primary schools are presented. In household surveys 1396 people were examined. An overall prevalence of infection of 49.3% was detected by a single stool examination with the Kato-Katz technique. The overall intensity of infection was 118.2 eggs per gram of stool (epg). There was no difference between the population of the east and west shore of the Mekong for prevalence (P = 0.3) or intensity (P = 0.9) of infection. Severe morbidity was very frequent. Hepatomegaly of the left lobe was detected in 48.7% of the population. Splenomegaly was seen in 26.8% of the study participants. Visible diverted circulation was found in 7.2% of the population, and ascites in 0.1%. Significantly more hepatomegaly (P = 0.001), splenomegaly (P = 0. 001) and patients with diverted circulation (P = 0.001) were present on the west bank of the Mekong. The age group of 10-14 years was most affected. The prevalence of infection in this group was 71.8% and 71.9% in the population of the West and East of the Mekong, respectively. The intensity of infection was 172.4 and 194.2 epg on the West and the East bank, respectively. In the peak age group hepatomegaly reached a prevalence of 88.1% on the west and 82.8% on the east bank. In the 20 schools 2391 children aged 6-16 years were examined. The overall prevalence of infection was 40.0%, ranging from 7.7% to 72.9% per school. The overalls mean intensity of infection was 110.1 epg (range by school: 26.7-187.5 epg). Both prevalence (P = 0.001) and intensity of infection (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in schools on the east side of the Mekong. Hepatomegaly (55.2%), splenomegaly (23.6%), diverted circulation (4. 1%), ascites (0.5%), reported blood (26.7%) and mucus (24.3%) were very frequent. Hepatomegaly (P = 0.001), splenomegaly (P = 0.001), diverted circulation (P = 0.001) and blood in stool (P = 0.001) were significantly more frequent in schools of the east side of the Mekong. Boys suffered more frequently from splenomegaly (P = 0.05), ascites (P = 0.05) and bloody stools (P = 0.004) than girls. No difference in sex was found for the prevalence and intensity of infection and prevalence of hepatomegaly. On the school level prevalence and intensity of infection were highly associated (r = 0. 93, P = 0.0001). The intensity of infection was significantly associated only with the prevalence of hepatomegaly (r = 0.44, P = 0. 05) and blood in stool (r = 0.40, P = 0.02). This comprehensive epidemiological study documents for the first time the public health importance of schistosomiasis mekongi in the Province of Kracheh, Northern Cambodia and points at key epidemiological features of this schistosome species, in particular the high level of morbidity associated with infection
Entrainment of randomly coupled oscillator networks by a pacemaker
Entrainment by a pacemaker, representing an element with a higher frequency,
is numerically investigated for several classes of random networks which
consist of identical phase oscillators. We find that the entrainment frequency
window of a network decreases exponentially with its depth, defined as the mean
forward distance of the elements from the pacemaker. Effectively, only shallow
networks can thus exhibit frequency-locking to the pacemaker. The exponential
dependence is also derived analytically as an approximation for large random
asymmetric networks.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, revtex 4, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Generation of finite wave trains in excitable media
Spatiotemporal control of excitable media is of paramount importance in the
development of new applications, ranging from biology to physics. To this end
we identify and describe a qualitative property of excitable media that enables
us to generate a sequence of traveling pulses of any desired length, using a
one-time initial stimulus. The wave trains are produced by a transient
pacemaker generated by a one-time suitably tailored spatially localized finite
amplitude stimulus, and belong to a family of fast pulse trains. A second
family, of slow pulse trains, is also present. The latter are created through a
clumping instability of a traveling wave state (in an excitable regime) and are
inaccessible to single localized stimuli of the type we use. The results
indicate that the presence of a large multiplicity of stable, accessible,
multi-pulse states is a general property of simple models of excitable media.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Detection of large magneto-anisotropy of electron spin dephasing in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron system in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well
In time-resolved Faraday rotation experiments we have detected an inplane
anisotropy of the electron spin-dephasing time (SDT) in an
--modulation-doped GaAs/AlGaAs single quantum well. The SDT
was measured with magnetic fields of T, applied in the and
inplane crystal directions of the GaAs quantum well. For fields
along , we have found an up to a factor of about 2 larger SDT than
in the perpendicular direction. Fully microscopic calculations, by numerically
solving the kinetic spin Bloch equations considering the D'yakonov-Perel' and
the Bir-Aronov-Pikus mechanisms, reproduce the experimental findings
quantitatively. This quantitative analysis of the data allowed us to determine
the relative strengths of Rashba and Dresselhaus terms in our sample. Moreover,
we could estimate the SDT for spins aligned in the {\em inplane}
direction to be on the order of several nanoseconds, which is up to two orders
of magnitude larger than that in the perpendicular {\em inplane} direction.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to be published in PR
Thermodynamic Behavior of a Model Covalent Material Described by the Environment-Dependent Interatomic Potential
Using molecular dynamics simulations we study the thermodynamic behavior of a
single-component covalent material described by the recently proposed
Environment-Dependent Interatomic Potential (EDIP). The parameterization of
EDIP for silicon exhibits a range of unusual properties typically found in more
complex materials, such as the existence of two structurally distinct
disordered phases, a density decrease upon melting of the low-temperature
amorphous phase, and negative thermal expansion coefficients for both the
crystal (at high temperatures) and the amorphous phase (at all temperatures).
Structural differences between the two disordered phases also lead to a
first-order transition between them, which suggests the existence of a second
critical point, as is believed to exist for amorphous forms of frozen water.
For EDIP-Si, however, the unusual behavior is associated not only with the open
nature of tetrahedral bonding but also with a competition between four-fold
(covalent) and five-fold (metallic) coordination. The unusual behavior of the
model and its unique ability to simulation the liquid/amorphous transition on
molecular-dynamics time scales make it a suitable prototype for fundamental
studies of anomalous thermodynamics in disordeered systems.Comment: 48 pages (double-spaced), 13 figure
Experimentelle ĂberprĂŒfung einer evolutionstheoretischen ErklĂ€rung von SchlafplatzprĂ€ferenzen des Menschen
Obwohl Menschen einen groĂen Teil des Tages an ihrem
Schlafplatz verbringen, gibt es kaum experimentelle und
theoriegeleitete Studien zur Schlafplatzwahl des Menschen.
Da der Mensch im Schlaf relativ schutzlos gegenĂŒber Angreifern ist und eine passende Wahl der Schlafumgebung Schutz und damit höhere Ăberlebenschancen bietet, wird die Schlafplatzwahl aus evolutionĂ€rer Perspektive untersucht.
Es wird ein Evolutionsbedingter Psychologischer Mechanismus (EPM) zur Schlafplatzwahl postuliert und daraus abgeleitete Hypothesen ĂŒberprĂŒft: Ein Schlafplatz sollte so gewĂ€hlt werden, dass er schnelle Reaktionen auf Angreifer ermöglicht. Daher sollte (1) vom Bett aus die TĂŒr im Blickfeld sein, (2) das Bett in deutlicher Weise von der TĂŒr abgerĂŒckt sein und (3) bevorzugt in die ZimmerhĂ€lfte gestellt werden, in die sich die TĂŒr öffnet. Eine Studie mit 138 Probanden, die Möbel auf experimentell manipulierten Grundrissen anrichten, kann diese Hypothesen bestĂ€tigen
Dependence of spin dephasing on initial spin polarization in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron system
We have studied the spin dynamics of a high-mobility two-dimensional electron
system in a GaAs/Al_{0.3}Ga_{0.7}As single quantum well by time-resolved
Faraday rotation and time-resolved Kerr rotation in dependence on the initial
degree of spin polarization, P, of the electrons. By increasing the initial
spin polarization from the low-P regime to a significant P of several percent,
we find that the spin dephasing time, , increases from about 20 ps to
200 ps; Moreover, increases with temperature at small spin
polarization but decreases with temperature at large spin polarization. All
these features are in good agreement with theoretical predictions by Weng and
Wu [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 68}, 075312 (2003)]. Measurements as a function of spin
polarization at fixed electron density are performed to further confirm the
theory. A fully microscopic calculation is performed by setting up and
numerically solving the kinetic spin Bloch equations, including the
D'yakonov-Perel' and the Bir-Aronov-Pikus mechanisms, with {\em all} the
scattering explicitly included. We reproduce all principal features of the
experiments, i.e., a dramatic decrease of spin dephasing with increasing
and the temperature dependences at different spin polarizations.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, to be published in PR
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