12,806 research outputs found
Fisher behavior influences catch productivity and selectivity in West Hawaiiâs aquarium fishery
In 1999, marine protected areas (MPAs) were implemented along the west coast of the Big Island of Hawaii, closing ~35% of the coastline to aquarium fishing. Catch per unit effort and total catch of the most commonly targeted fish, yellow tang (Zebrasoma flavescens), have increased since the implementation of the MPAs, yet its abundance has declined by 45% in areas open to aquarium fishing between 1999 and 2007. How effort allocation, harvesting efficiencies, and job satisfaction influence catch productivity and selectivity in West Hawaiiâs aquarium fishery are investigated, and how these dynamics explain the discrepancy between catch rates and relative abundance for yellow tang is discussed. Cross-sectional fisher questionnaires, semi-structured fisher interviews, and in situ and ex situ catch analyses were performed. The results indicate that fishers dive deeper when reef fish recruitment is perceived as weak, increase harvest efficiency with larger fishing teams, and intensively harvest âcoral-friendlyâ reef fish to supply the global aquarium fish trade. Experienced fishers were less likely to exit the fishery, and job satisfaction was high despite declining fish stocks. These findings may help explain harvesting efficiencies and fleet investment, underscore the importance for evaluating fisher behaviours, and have potential management implications for other aquarium fisheries
The unrestricted Skyrme-tensor time-dependent Hartree-Fock and its application to the nuclear response from spherical to triaxial nuclei
The nuclear time-dependent Hartree-Fock model formulated in the
three-dimensional space,based on the full Skyrme energy density functional and
complemented with the tensor force,is presented for the first time. Full
self-consistency is achieved by the model. The application to the isovector
giant dipole resonance is discussed in the linear limit, ranging from spherical
nuclei (16O, 120Sn) to systems displaying axial or triaxial deformation (24Mg,
28Si, 178Os, 190W, 238U).
Particular attention is paid to the spin-dependent terms from the central
sector of the functional, recently included together with the tensor. They turn
out to be capable of producing a qualitative change on the strength
distribution in this channel. The effect on the deformation properties is also
discussed. The quantitative effects on the linear response are small and,
overall, the giant dipole energy remains unaffected.
Calculations are compared to predictions from the (quasi)-particle random
phase approximation and experimental data where available, finding good
agreement
Contribution of brown dwarfs and white dwarfs to recent microlensing observations and to the halo mass budget
We examine the recent results of the MACHO collaboration towards the Large
Magellanic Cloud (Alcock et al. 1996) in terms of a halo brown dwarf or white
dwarf population. The possibility for most of the microlensing events to be due
to brown dwarfs is totally excluded by large-scale kinematic properties. The
white dwarf scenario is examined in details in the context of the most recent
white dwarf cooling theory (Segretain et al. 1994) which includes explicitely
the extra source of energy due to carbon-oxygen differentiation at
crystallization, and the subsequent Debye cooling. We show that the
observational constraints arising from the luminosity function of high-velocity
white dwarfs in the solar neighborhood and from the recent HST deep field
counts are consistent with a white dwarf contribution to the halo missing mass
as large as 50 %, provided i) an IMF strongly peaked around 1.7 Msol and ii) a
halo age older than 18 Gyr.Comment: 14 pages, 2 Postscript figures, to be published in Astrophysical
Journal Letters, minor revision in tex
Complete Boolean algebras are Bousfield lattices
Given a complete Heyting algebra we construct an algebraic tensor
triangulated category whose Bousfield lattice is the Booleanization of the
given Heyting algebra. As a consequence we deduce that any complete Boolean
algebra is the Bousfield lattice of some tensor triangulated category. Using
the same ideas we then give two further examples illustrating some interesting
behaviour of the Bousfield lattice.Comment: 10 pages, update to clarify the products occurring in the main
constructio
l/f Noise in the Superconducting Transition of a MgB2 Thin Film
The noise voltage spectral density in the superconducting transition of a MgB2 thin film on a SiN-coated Si thick substrate was measured over the frequency range 1 Hz-to-1 KHz. Using established bolometer noise theory the theoretical noise components due to Johnson, 1/f(excess) and phonon noise are modeled to the measured data. It is shown that for the case of a MgB2 thin film in the vicinity of the mid-point of transition, coupled to a heat sink via a fairly high thermal conductance (approximately equal to 10(sup -1) W/K)) that the measured noise voltage spectrum is 1/f limited and exhibits lit dependence with a varying between 0.3 and 0.5 in the measured frequency range. At a video frame rate frequency of 30 Hz the measured noise voltage density in the film is approximately equal to 61 nV /the square root of HZ, using this value an upper limit of electrical NEP approximately equal to 0.67pW / the square root of Hz is implied for a practical MgB2 bolometer operating at 36.1 K
Principal infinity-bundles - General theory
The theory of principal bundles makes sense in any infinity-topos, such as
that of topological, of smooth, or of otherwise geometric
infinity-groupoids/infinity-stacks, and more generally in slices of these. It
provides a natural geometric model for structured higher nonabelian cohomology
and controls general fiber bundles in terms of associated bundles. For suitable
choices of structure infinity-group G these G-principal infinity-bundles
reproduce the theories of ordinary principal bundles, of bundle
gerbes/principal 2-bundles and of bundle 2-gerbes and generalize these to their
further higher and equivariant analogs. The induced associated infinity-bundles
subsume the notions of gerbes and higher gerbes in the literature.
We discuss here this general theory of principal infinity-bundles, intimately
related to the axioms of Giraud, Toen-Vezzosi, Rezk and Lurie that characterize
infinity-toposes. We show a natural equivalence between principal
infinity-bundles and intrinsic nonabelian cocycles, implying the classification
of principal infinity-bundles by nonabelian sheaf hyper-cohomology. We observe
that the theory of geometric fiber infinity-bundles associated to principal
infinity-bundles subsumes a theory of infinity-gerbes and of twisted
infinity-bundles, with twists deriving from local coefficient infinity-bundles,
which we define, relate to extensions of principal infinity-bundles and show to
be classified by a corresponding notion of twisted cohomology, identified with
the cohomology of a corresponding slice infinity-topos.
In a companion article [NSSb] we discuss explicit presentations of this
theory in categories of simplicial (pre)sheaves by hyper-Cech cohomology and by
simplicial weakly-principal bundles; and in [NSSc] we discuss various examples
and applications of the theory.Comment: 46 pages, published versio
Prototype 9.7 m Schwarzschild-Couder telescope for the Cherenkov Telescope Array: status of the optical system
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is an international project for a
next-generation ground-based gamma ray observatory, aiming to improve on the
sensitivity of current-generation experiments by an order of magnitude and
provide energy coverage from 30 GeV to more than 300 TeV. The 9.7m
Schwarzschild-Couder (SC) candidate medium-size telescope for CTA exploits a
novel aplanatic two-mirror optical design that provides a large field of view
of 8 degrees and substantially improves the off-axis performance giving better
angular resolution across all of the field of view with respect to
single-mirror telescopes. The realization of the SC optical design implies the
challenging production of large aspherical mirrors accompanied by a
submillimeter-precision custom alignment system. In this contribution we report
on the status of the implementation of the optical system on a prototype 9.7 m
SC telescope located at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory in southern
Arizona.Comment: Proceedings of the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC
2017), Busan, Korea. All CTA contributions at arXiv:1709.0348
Dependence of Variational Perturbation Expansions on Strong-Coupling Behavior. Inapplicability of delta-Expansion to Field Theory
We show that in applications of variational theory to quantum field theory it
is essential to account for the correct Wegner exponent omega governing the
approach to the strong-coupling, or scaling limit. Otherwise the procedure
either does not converge at all or to the wrong limit. This invalidates all
papers applying the so-called delta-expansion to quantum field theory.Comment: Author Information under
http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/institution.html . Latest update of
paper (including all PS fonts) at
http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/34
Relating Physical Observables in QCD without Scale-Scheme Ambiguity
We discuss the St\"uckelberg-Peterman extended renormalization group
equations in perturbative QCD, which express the invariance of physical
observables under renormalization-scale and scheme-parameter transformations.
We introduce a universal coupling function that covers all possible choices of
scale and scheme. Any perturbative series in QCD is shown to be equivalent to a
particular point in this function. This function can be computed from a set of
first-order differential equations involving the extended beta functions. We
propose the use of these evolution equations instead of perturbative series for
numerical evaluation of physical observables. This formalism is free of
scale-scheme ambiguity and allows a reliable error analysis of higher-order
corrections. It also provides a precise definition for as the pole in the associated 't Hooft scheme. A concrete application to
is presented.Comment: Plain TEX, 4 figures (available upon request), 22 pages,
DOE/ER/40322-17
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