299 research outputs found
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Influence of photo-initiator concentration on residual mechanical stress in SU-8 thin films
In this paper, experimental results on the residual mechanical stress generated during the different steps of the photolithography process of SU-8 thin films using different photo-initiator concentrations are presented. The main aim of the reported research work has been firstly to investigate and identify the causes for the generation of residual stresses and secondly to optimise the fabrication process in order to minimise the residual stresses. It was found that the major parameters that influence the generation of internal stresses were the exposure time, the post-baking temperature and time and the concentration of the photoinitiator which is used (Cyracure UVI). At lower concentrations of the photo-initiator, the measured stress levels after the post-baking step were consistently found to be significantly lower than the ones corresponding to higher photo-initiator concentrations. In addition, there was an additional improvement by using a ramping hot-plate. Finally, preliminary experiments were carried out in order to encapsulate nanoparticles in these low stress SU-8 thin films
Interferometric imaging of the high-redshift radio galaxy, 4C60.07: An SMA, Spitzer and VLA study reveals a binary AGN/starburst
‘The definitive version is available at www3.interscience.wiley.com '. Copyright Blackwell / RAS. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13811.xPeer reviewe
Rapid-response radio observations of short GRB 181123B with the Australia Telescope Compact Array
We introduce the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) rapid-response mode
by presenting the first successful trigger on the short-duration gamma-ray
burst (GRB) 181123B. Early-time radio observations of short GRBs may provide
vital insights into the radio afterglow properties of Advanced LIGO- and
Virgo-detected gravitational wave events, which will in turn inform follow-up
strategies to search for counterparts within their large positional
uncertainties. The ATCA was on target within 12.6 hr post-burst, when the
source had risen above the horizon. While no radio afterglow was detected
during the 8.3 hr observation, we obtained force-fitted flux densities of and Jy at 5.5 and 9 GHz, respectively. Afterglow
modelling of GRB 181123B showed that the addition of the ATCA force-fitted
radio flux densities to the Swift X-ray Telescope detections provided more
stringent constraints on the fraction of thermal energy in the electrons
(log rather than log derived without the inclusion of the ATCA values), which
is consistent with the range of typical derived from GRB afterglow
modelling. This allowed us to predict that the forward shock may have peaked in
the radio band days post-burst, producing detectable radio emission
days post-burst. Overall, we demonstrate the potential for
extremely rapid radio follow-up of transients and the importance of triggered
radio observations for constraining GRB blast wave properties, regardless of
whether there is a detection, via the inclusion of force-fitted radio flux
densities in afterglow modelling efforts.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Space Vehicle Terrestrial Environment Design Requirements Guidelines
The terrestrial environment is an important driver of space vehicle structural, control, and thermal system design. NASA is currently in the process of producing an update to an earlier Terrestrial Environment Guidelines for Aerospace Vehicle Design and Development Handbook. This paper addresses the contents of this updated handbook, with special emphasis on new material being included in the areas of atmospheric thermodynamic models, wind dynamics, atmospheric composition, atmospheric electricity, cloud phenomena, atmospheric extremes, and sea state. In addition, the respective engineering design elements are discussed relative to terrestrial environment inputs that require consideration. Specific lessons learned that have contributed to the advancements made in the application and awareness of terrestrial environment inputs for aerospace engineering applications are presented
Professional closure by proxy: the impact of changing educational requirements on class mobility for a cohort of Big 8 partners
Closure events impacting on class mobility may include mechanisms initiated by bodies other than the professional body. The research examines if the introduction of full-time study requirements at universities for aspiring accountants effectively introduced a closure mechanism in the accounting profession. Data was derived from an Oral History study of partners in large firms. The younger partners (born after the Second World War) completed full-time degree study at university, but did not provide evidence of class mobility into the profession. The older cohort, born between 1928 and 1946, completed part-time studies only, few completed a degree, and, in contrast to the younger cohort, shows a perceptible upward movement from lower socio-economic classes into the professional class. This suggests that changing the preferred educational routes for new accountants entering the large chartered accounting (CA) firms compromised the "stepping stone" function of accounting as a portal into the professional class
The Cerenkov effect revisited: from swimming ducks to zero modes in gravitational analogs
We present an interdisciplinary review of the generalized Cerenkov emission
of radiation from uniformly moving sources in the different contexts of
classical electromagnetism, superfluid hydrodynamics, and classical
hydrodynamics. The details of each specific physical systems enter our theory
via the dispersion law of the excitations. A geometrical recipe to obtain the
emission patterns in both real and wavevector space from the geometrical shape
of the dispersion law is discussed and applied to a number of cases of current
experimental interest. Some consequences of these emission processes onto the
stability of condensed-matter analogs of gravitational systems are finally
illustrated.Comment: Lecture Notes at the IX SIGRAV School on "Analogue Gravity" in Como,
Italy from May 16th-21th, 201
Gamma rays from colliding winds of massive stars
Colliding winds of massive binaries have long been considered as potential sites of non-thermal high-energy photon production. This is motivated by the detection of non-thermal spectra in the radio band, as well as by correlation studies of yet unidentified EGRET gamma-ray sources with source populations appearing in star formation regions. This work re-considers the basic radiative processes and its properties that lead to high energy photon production in long-period massive star systems. We show that Klein-Nishina effects as well as the anisotropic nature of the inverse Compton scattering, the dominating leptonic emission process, likely yield spectral and variability signatures in the gamma-ray domain at or above the sensitivity of current or upcoming gamma ray instruments like GLAST-LAT. In addition to all relevant radiative losses, we include propagation (such as convection in the stellar wind) as well as photon absorption effects, which a priori can not be neglected. The calculations are applied to WR140 and WR147, and predictions for their detectability in the gamma-ray regime are provided. Physically similar specimen of their kind like WR146, WR137, WR138, WR112 and WR125 may be regarded as candidate sources at GeV energies for near-future gamma-ray experiments. Finally, we discuss several aspects relevant for eventually identifying this source class as a gamma-ray emitting population. Thereby we utilize our findings on the expected radiative behavior of typical colliding wind binaries in the gamma-ray regime as well as its expected spatial distribution on the gamma-ray sky
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