The associations between sedentary behaviour and mental health among adolescents:A systematic review

Background: With technological developments and modernised sedentary lifestyles has come an increase in diseases associated with inactivity such as obesity and other non-communicable diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that time spent sedentary may also interact with mental health. This systematic review examined the associations between sedentary behaviour and mental health problems among adolescents. Methods: This systematic review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, and applied a quality assessment tool for quantitative studies to identity best available evidence. Following stringent search strategy of the databases; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Global Health, Health Source: Nursing and Academic Edition, MEDLINE, PsychARTICLES and PsycINFO, we identified 32 articles eligible for review. Results: All studies reported leisure screen time among adolescents, and two thirds of identified studies examined depressive symptomatology. Other mental health measures were; anxiety symptoms, self-esteem, suicide ideation, loneliness, stress, and psychological distress. Strong consistent evidence was found for the relationship between both depressive symptomatology and psychological distress, and time spent using screens for leisure. Moderate evidence supported the relationship between low self-esteem and screen use. Poorer mental health status was found among adolescents using screen time more than 2-3 h per day, and gender differences exist. Essential information was missing for quality of evidence including heterogeneity in mental health and screen time-based measures, and self-report data collection methods. Conclusions: The findings are of particular significance given the global public health concern of lifestyle-attributed diseases and the possibility for novel approaches to mental health. Future research should examine the psychological impact of reducing time spent using screens for leisure among adolescents, whilst accounting for possible confounding factors such as physical activity and dietary behaviours. It is critical that the reciprocal relationship between lifestyle behaviours and mental health is represented in both the psychiatric and public health forum

Loss of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2 Alpha in the Lung Alveolar Epithelium of Mice Leads to Enhanced Eosinophilic Inflammation in Cobalt-Induced Lung Injury

This find is registered at Portable Antiquities of the Netherlands with number PAN-0004051

Table1_Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and IL-13 signaling crosstalk in human keratinocytes and atopic dermatitis.xlsx

IntroductionAtopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic skin disease mediated by skin barrier impairment and IL-13-driven immune response. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has shown promise in early clinical trials for AD; however, the mechanism by which AHR partially ameliorates AD is not well known.MethodsGene expression data from human biopsies were analyzed, and compared to gene expression from RNA-sequencing in our in-vitro HaCaT cell model system. Western blot, ELISA qRT-PCR were used to further explore the relationship between AHR and IL-13 signaling in HaCaT cells.ResultsThe AHR target gene CYP1A1 was decreased in lesional skin compared with healthy control skin (p = 4.30 × 10−9). Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) demonstrated increased AHR expression (p −4) and decreased CYP1A1 expression in lesional AD keratinocytes compared with healthy control keratinocytes (p DiscussionTogether, these data suggest that the AHR pathway is dysregulated in AD and that AHR modulates IL-13 downstream signaling in keratinocytes through genome-wide, transcriptional regulatory effects.</p

Datasheet1_Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and IL-13 signaling crosstalk in human keratinocytes and atopic dermatitis.docx

IntroductionAtopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic skin disease mediated by skin barrier impairment and IL-13-driven immune response. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has shown promise in early clinical trials for AD; however, the mechanism by which AHR partially ameliorates AD is not well known.MethodsGene expression data from human biopsies were analyzed, and compared to gene expression from RNA-sequencing in our in-vitro HaCaT cell model system. Western blot, ELISA qRT-PCR were used to further explore the relationship between AHR and IL-13 signaling in HaCaT cells.ResultsThe AHR target gene CYP1A1 was decreased in lesional skin compared with healthy control skin (p = 4.30 × 10−9). Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) demonstrated increased AHR expression (p −4) and decreased CYP1A1 expression in lesional AD keratinocytes compared with healthy control keratinocytes (p DiscussionTogether, these data suggest that the AHR pathway is dysregulated in AD and that AHR modulates IL-13 downstream signaling in keratinocytes through genome-wide, transcriptional regulatory effects.</p

Pulmonary Histopathology.

<p>Light photomicrographs of hematoxylin and eosin stained lung sections from control (<b>A</b>), <i>Hif-1αΔ/Δ</i> (<b>B</b>), <i>Hif-2αΔ/Δ</i> (<b>C</b>) and <i>Hif-1/2αΔ/Δ</i> (<b>D</b>) pups. Analysis of septal thickness of control mice (<b>white bars</b>) and <i>Hif-1αΔ/Δ</i> mice (<b>black bars</b>) was measured morphometrically as described in materials and methods (<b>E</b>). Results are presented as mean alveolar thickness with error bars representing the standard error. Alveolar airspace labeled as (a), septae labeled as (S). * = P ≤ 0.05.</p

Merged Transcriptional Network with <i>c-Myc</i>.

<p>The linkage between the <i>Hif-1α</i> transcriptional network and <i>c-Myc</i> were merged and common genes in both networks were identified. <i>Hif-1α</i>-specific (blue circles), <i>c-Myc</i>-specific (green circles), and common genes (half blue, half green circles) are separated by function.</p

Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining.

<p>Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stained lung sections from control (<b>A, C, E</b>) and <i>Hif-1αΔ/Δ</i> (<b>B</b>), <i>Hif-2αΔ/Δ</i> (<b>D</b>), <i>Hif-1/2αΔ/Δ</i> (<b>F</b>) pups. Cuboidal epithelium lining alveolar septa in <i>Hif-1αΔ/Δ</i> pups (<b>B</b>) has greater PAS-stained glycogen (arrows) compared to that of the control pup.</p

Survivability Plot.

<p>Viability of neonatal <i>Hif-1αΔ/Δ</i>, <i>Hif-2αΔ/Δ</i> and <i>Hif-1/2αΔ/Δ</i> pups. (<b>A</b>) All <i>Hif-1αΔ/Δ</i> pups showed signs of respiratory distress whereas all <i>Hif-2αΔ/Δ</i> pups were viable with no obvious phenotype. Simultaneous removal of both <i>Hifα</i> forms resulted in approximately 79% survival. (<b>B</b>) Time-course of various <i>Hif-1α</i> mice with doxycycline (DOXY) exposure E14.5 compared with No DOXY. All mice had <i>SPC-rtTA</i>^<i>-/tg</i><i>/(TetO)</i>_<i>7</i><i>-CMV-Cre</i>^<i>tg/tg</i>; white bars indicate homozygous floxed <i>Hif-1α</i> (h1h1), grey bars indicate heterozygous floxed <i>Hif-1α</i> (H1h1), and black bars indicate wt<i>Hif-1α</i> (H1H1).</p