1,178 research outputs found
ON DEMAND: CROSS-COUNTRY EVIDENCE FROM COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE ASSET MARKETS
Using over 25 years of quarterly U.S. and Japanese time series data, this paper examines the determinants of demand for an important class of real assets: commercial real estate. We specify a structural model of market equilibrium that considers direct effects of real investment on built asset price. Our empirical findings are consistent across countries and produce several new results. First, we find that real investment exerts a significant positive direct effect on asset price, which in turn feeds back to impact investment decisions. Second, idiosyncratic risk is found to be strongly positively related to asset price, and to complement supply effects. Third, systematic risk is priced as expected, where the strength of the relation between asset price and systematic risk is found to be higher than in previous studies of capital asset prices. Fourth, lagged values of price determinants (of up to two years) are consistently important in real asset demand estimation. Alternative explanations for our findings are analyzed and discussed. Implications for asset pricing model specification and interpretation are also considered.equity REIT; IPO; interest-rate sensitivity; risk-adjusted return performance
Real Estate Investment Trusts: A Review of the Financial Economics Literature
This paper is a survey of the literature on Real Estate Investment Trusts, commonly as REITs. The literature is separated into three major research topics: investment financing decisions, and return and risk issues. The central papers addressing each optics are described and their results are summarized. Suggestions for further also are provided
Universal Impedance Fluctuations in Wave Chaotic Systems
We experimentally investigate theoretical predictions of universal impedance
fluctuations in wave chaotic systems using a microwave analog of a quantum
chaotic infinite square well potential. Our approach emphasizes the use of the
radiation impedance to remove the non-universal effects of the particular
coupling from the outside world to the scatterer. Specific predictions that we
test include the probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the real (related
to the local density of states in disordered metals) and imaginary parts of the
normalized cavity impedance, the equality of the variances of these PDFs, and
the dependence of the universal PDFs on a single control parameter
characterizing the level of loss. We find excellent agreement between the
statistical data and theoretical predictions.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Universal Statistics of the Scattering Coefficient of Chaotic Microwave Cavities
We consider the statistics of the scattering coefficient S of a chaotic
microwave cavity coupled to a single port. We remove the non-universal effects
of the coupling from the experimental S data using the radiation impedance
obtained directly from the experiments. We thus obtain the normalized, complex
scattering coefficient whose Probability Density Function (PDF) is predicted to
be universal in that it depends only on the loss (quality factor) of the
cavity. We compare experimental PDFs of the normalized scattering coefficients
with those obtained from Random Matrix Theory (RMT), and find excellent
agreement. The results apply to scattering measurements on any wave chaotic
system.Comment: 10 pages, 8 Figures, Fig.7 in Color, Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Experimental Test of Universal Conductance Fluctuations by means of Wave-Chaotic Microwave Cavities
The mathematical equivalence of the time-independent Schrodinger equation and
the Helmholtz equation is exploited to provide a novel means of studying
universal conductance fluctuations in ballistic chaotic mesoscopic systems
using a two-dimensional microwave-cavity. The classically chaotic ray
trajectories within a suitably-shaped microwave cavity play a role analogous to
that of the chaotic dynamics of non-interacting electron transport through a
ballistic quantum dot in the absence of thermal fluctuations. The microwave
cavity is coupled through two single-mode ports and the effect of non-ideal
coupling between the ports and cavity is removed by a previously developed
method based on the measured radiation impedance matrix. The Landauer-Buttiker
formalism is applied to obtain the conductance of a corresponding mesoscopic
quantum-dot device. We find good agreement for the probability density
functions (PDFs) of the experimentally derived surrogate conductance, as well
as its mean and variance, with the theoretical predictions of Brouwer and
Beenakker. We also observe a linear relation between the quantum dephasing
parameter and the cavity ohmic loss parameter.Comment: 7 Pages,5 Figures (all figures in Color). Submitted to Phys. Rev. B.
Updated with Referee/Editor comment
The 492 GHz emission of Sgr A* constrained by ALMA
We report linearly polarized continuum emission properties of Sgr A* at
492 GHz, based on the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations.
We used the observations of the likely unpolarized continuum emission of Titan,
and the observations of C\textsc{i} line emission, to gauge the degree of
spurious polarization. The Stokes I flux of 3.60.72 Jy during our run is
consistent with extrapolations from the previous, lower frequency observations.
We found that the continuum emission of Sgr A* at 492 GHz shows large
amplitude differences between the XX and the YY correlations. The observed
intensity ratio between the XX and YY correlations as a function of parallactic
angle may be explained by a constant polarization position angle of
1583. The fitted polarization percentage of Sgr
A* during our observational period is 14\%1.2\%. The calibrator quasar
J1744-3116 we observed at the same night can be fitted to Stokes I = 252 mJy,
with 7.9\%0.9\% polarization in position angle P.A. =
4.14.2. The observed polarization percentage and
polarization position angle in the present work appear consistent with those
expected from longer wavelength observations in the period of 1999-2005. In
particular, the polarization position angle at 492 GHz, expected from the
previously fitted 1677 intrinsic polarization position
angle and (-5.60.7)10 rotation measure, is 155,
which is consistent with our new measurement of polarization position angle
within 1. The polarization percentage and the polarization position
angle may be varying over the period of our ALMA 12m Array observations, which
demands further investigation with future polarization observations.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 1st referee report received and revise
Computation and visualization of photonic quasicrystal spectra via Blochs theorem
Previous methods for determining photonic quasicrystal (PQC) spectra have
relied on the use of large supercells to compute the eigenfrequencies and/or
local density of states (LDOS). In this manuscript, we present a method by
which the energy spectrum and the eigenstates of a PQC can be obtained by
solving Maxwells equations in higher dimensions for any PQC defined by the
standard cut-and-project construction, to which a generalization of Blochs
theorem applies. In addition, we demonstrate how one can compute band
structures with defect states in the higher-dimensional superspace with no
additional computational cost. As a proof of concept, these general ideas are
demonstrated for the simple case of one-dimensional quasicrystals, which can
also be solved by simple transfer-matrix techniques.Comment: Published in Physical Review B, 77 104201, 200
Characterization of Fluctuations of Impedance and Scattering Matrices in Wave Chaotic Scattering
In wave chaotic scattering, statistical fluctuations of the scattering matrix
and the impedance matrix depend both on universal properties and on
nonuniversal details of how the scatterer is coupled to external channels. This
paper considers the impedance and scattering variance ratios, and
, where ,
, and denotes
variance. is shown to be a universal function of distributed losses
within the scatterer. That is, is independent of nonuniversal coupling
details. This contrasts with for which universality applies only in the
large loss limit. Explicit results are given for for time reversal
symmetric and broken time reversal symmetric systems. Experimental tests of the
theory are presented using data taken from scattering measurements on a chaotic
microwave cavity.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, updated with referees' comment
Solvable model for chimera states of coupled oscillators
Networks of identical, symmetrically coupled oscillators can spontaneously
split into synchronized and desynchronized sub-populations. Such chimera states
were discovered in 2002, but are not well understood theoretically. Here we
obtain the first exact results about the stability, dynamics, and bifurcations
of chimera states by analyzing a minimal model consisting of two interacting
populations of oscillators. Along with a completely synchronous state, the
system displays stable chimeras, breathing chimeras, and saddle-node, Hopf and
homoclinic bifurcations of chimeras.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. This version corrects a previous error in Figure
3, where the sign of the phase angle psi was inconsistent with Equation 1
The many faces of small B cell lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation and the contribution of MYD88 testing
Plasmacytic differentiation may occur in almost all small B cell lymphomas (SBLs), although it varies from being uniformly present (as in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL)) to very uncommon (as in mantle cell lymphomas (MCLs)). The discovery of MYD88 L265P mutations in the vast majority of LPLs has had a major impact on the study of these lymphomas. Review of the cases contributed to the 2014 European Association for Haematopathology/Society for Hematopathology slide workshop illustrated how mutational testing has helped refine the diagnostic criteria for LPL, emphasizing the importance of identifying a clonal monotonous lymphoplasmacytic population and highlighting how LPL can still be diagnosed with extensive nodal architectural effacement, very subtle plasmacytic differentiation, follicular colonization, or uncommon phenotypes such as CD5 or CD10 expression. MYD88 L265P mutations were found in 11/11 LPL cases versus only 2 of 28 other SBLs included in its differential diagnosis. Mutational testing also helped to exclude other cases that would have been considered LPL in the past. The workshop also highlighted how plasmacytic differentiation can occur in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, SOX11 negative MCL, and particularly in marginal zone lymphomas, all of which can cause diagnostic confusion with LPL. The cases also highlighted the difficulty in distinguishing lymphomas with marked plasmacytic differentiation from plasma cell neoplasms. Some SBLs with plasmacytic differentiation can be associated with amyloid, other immunoglobulin deposition, or crystal-storing histiocytosis, which may obscure the underlying neoplasm. Finally, although generally indolent, LPL may transform, with the workshop cases suggesting a role for TP53 abnormalities
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