Corrigendum: Association of complement-related proteins in subjects with and without second trimester gestational diabetes

In the original article, there was an error. One of the funders was missed out in the Acknowledgements. A correction has been made to the Acknowledgements section. “The authors would like to thank Qatar Metabolic Institute, Medical Research Center, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar for supporting the study. And Medical Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation for the article processing fees support”. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated

The genetic underpinnings of variation in ages at menarche and natural menopause among women from the multi-ethnic Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) Study: A trans-ethnic meta-analysis

<div><p>Current knowledge of the genetic architecture of key reproductive events across the female life course is largely based on association studies of European descent women. The relevance of known loci for age at menarche (AAM) and age at natural menopause (ANM) in diverse populations remains unclear. We investigated 32 AAM and 14 ANM previously-identified loci and sought to identify novel loci in a trans-ethnic array-wide study of 196,483 SNPs on the MetaboChip (Illumina, Inc.). A total of 45,364 women of diverse ancestries (African, Hispanic/Latina, Asian American and American Indian/Alaskan Native) in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) Study were included in cross-sectional analyses of AAM and ANM. Within each study we conducted a linear regression of SNP associations with self-reported or medical record-derived AAM or ANM (in years), adjusting for birth year, population stratification, and center/region, as appropriate, and meta-analyzed results across studies using multiple meta-analytic techniques. For both AAM and ANM, we observed more directionally consistent associations with the previously reported risk alleles than expected by chance (p-values_binomial≤0.01). Eight densely genotyped reproductive loci generalized significantly to at least one non-European population. We identified one trans-ethnic array-wide SNP association with AAM and two significant associations with ANM, which have not been described previously. Additionally, we observed evidence of independent secondary signals at three of six AAM trans-ethnic loci. Our findings support the transferability of reproductive trait loci discovered in European women to women of other race/ethnicities and indicate the presence of additional trans-ethnic associations both at both novel and established loci. These findings suggest the benefit of including diverse populations in future studies of the genetic architecture of female growth and development.</p></div

Generalization of five previously described age at menarche and natural menopause loci to multiple race/ethnic groups or trans-ethnically.

<p>Generalization of five previously described age at menarche and natural menopause loci to multiple race/ethnic groups or trans-ethnically.</p

Regional plots of the novel array-wide significant age at menarche (Panel A: <i>CUX2</i>) and natural menopause loci (Panels B,C: <i>FRMD5</i>, <i>GPRC5B</i>) using a modified random-effects trans-ethnic meta-analysis of more than 31,000 women, and showing independence from previously published cardiometabolic SNP associations (shown in gray if missing).

<p>Regional plots of the novel array-wide significant age at menarche (Panel A: <i>CUX2</i>) and natural menopause loci (Panels B,C: <i>FRMD5</i>, <i>GPRC5B</i>) using a modified random-effects trans-ethnic meta-analysis of more than 31,000 women, and showing independence from previously published cardiometabolic SNP associations (shown in gray if missing).</p

Regional plots for age at menarche Bonferroni-significant loci at <i>SEC16B</i> (Panel A), <i>BDNF</i> (Panel B) and <i>FTO</i> (Panel C), showing previously published body mass index (BMI) primary and secondary SNP associations, using a modified random-effects trans-ethnic meta-analysis of more than 31,000 women.

<p>Regional plots for age at menarche Bonferroni-significant loci at <i>SEC16B</i> (Panel A), <i>BDNF</i> (Panel B) and <i>FTO</i> (Panel C), showing previously published body mass index (BMI) primary and secondary SNP associations, using a modified random-effects trans-ethnic meta-analysis of more than 31,000 women.</p

Descriptive statistics for the age at menarche (AAM, n = 44,367) and natural menopause (ANM, n = 17,100) analytic samples.

<p>Descriptive statistics for the age at menarche (AAM, n = 44,367) and natural menopause (ANM, n = 17,100) analytic samples.</p

Three loci with trans-ethnic array-wide significant modified random-effects associations^* at novel age at menarche or natural menopause loci.

<p>Three loci with trans-ethnic array-wide significant modified random-effects associations^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0200486#t004fn001" target="_blank">*</a>} at novel age at menarche or natural menopause loci.</p

Three densely-genotyped MetaboChip loci with Bonferroni-significant associations with age at menarche across multiple race/ethnic groups or trans-ethnically.

<p>Three densely-genotyped MetaboChip loci with Bonferroni-significant associations with age at menarche across multiple race/ethnic groups or trans-ethnically.</p

Enrichment for functional annotations and cell-type groups using stratified LD score regression.

<p><b>A.</b> Enrichment estimates of 24 main annotations for each of four BP traits. Annotations are ordered by size. Error bars represent jackknife standard errors around the estimates of enrichment, and stars indicate significance at P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction for 24 hypotheses tested and four BP traits. <b>B.</b> Significance of enrichment of 10 cell-type groups for four BP traits. Dotted line and stars indicate significance at P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction for 10 hypotheses tested and four BP traits.</p

Intelligent Forecasting of Electricity Demand

In this paper, a number of approaches to the modelling of electricity demand, on a variety of time-scales, are considered. These approaches fall under the category of 'intelligent' systems engineering, where techniques such as neural networks, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms are employed. The paper attempts to give some motivation for the employment of such techniques, while also making some effort to be realistic about the limitations of such methods, in particular a number of important caveats that should be borne in mind when utilising these techniques within the current application domain. In general, the electricity demand data is modelled as a time series, but one application considered involves application of linguistic modelling to capture operator expertise