Les manuscrits psalmiques de la Mer Morte et la réception du Psautier à Qumran

The objective of the first part of the article is to settle, through the exemplary 1 1Q5 's case, the divergences there are between the psalmical manuscripts from Qumran and the biblical Psalm-book. Then, a brief point regarding this question is done with a critical view witch is giving some new approaching ways to the study of the so-called "Psalm-book's" manuscripts and also to the research dealing with the relationship between the Psalm-text of the judean desert and the biblical Psalm-book. The second part of the article grapples with the different ways of quoting the Psalm-book inside Qumran's manuscripts : on the one hand through the Hodayot (adulatory praises), on the second hand with the exegetical works alike the thematical pesharim and midrashim.Le but de la première partie de l'article sera de pointer, à l'aide du cas exemplaire de 1 1Q5, les divergences entre les manuscrits psalmiques de Qumran et le Psautier biblique. On esquissera ensuite un bref état de la question avec un regard critique qui permettra d'indiquer quelques nouvelles voies pour la recherche sur les manuscrits dits « du Psautier » et sur le rapport entre les écrits psalmiques du désert de Judée et le Psautier biblique. La seconde partie de l' article traitera les différentes manières dont est cité le Psautier dans les manuscrits de Qumran : les Hodayot (chants de louanges) d'une part, les ouvrages exégétiques, pesharim et midrashim thématiques, d'autre part.Jain Eva, Steudel Annette, Denis Fricker. Les manuscrits psalmiques de la Mer Morte et la réception du Psautier à Qumran. In: Revue des Sciences Religieuses, tome 77, fascicule 4, 2003. Numéro thématique sur les Psaumes. pp. 529-543

Cation exchange reactions of vermiculite with Cu-triethylenetetramine as affected by mechanical and chemical pretreatment

The cation exchange capacity (CEC) is a characteristic property of expandable clay minerals, such as smectites and vermiculites. The aim of this work was to examine the cation exchange behavior of vermiculite using the Cu-triethylenetetramine (Cu-trien) CEC method and the influence of mechanical and chemical pretreatment, with the ammonium acetate method serving as a reference. The Cu-trien method makes rapid and direct CEC measurements possible. Three different kinds of mill were used to grind a vermiculite sample from Russia, in order to reduce the particle size to <10 mm. The Netzsch CGS 10 dry mill reduced the particle size more effectively than the other grinding methods. Chemical pretreatments were used to remove carbonates, organic matter, Fe oxides, and divalent exchangeable cations from vermiculite samples prior to CEC measurements. Subsamples of ground and chemically pretreated vermiculite samples were saturated with Na, Li, Mg, Ca, and Cu cations to determine the effect of exchangeable cations on measured CEC values. Chemical pretreatment, monovalent cation pretreatment, and 48 h of shaking time were needed to measure vermiculite CEC values effectively using the Cu-trien method

Cervical spine disc prosthesis: radiographic, biomechanical and morphological post mortal findings 12 weeks after implantation. A retrieval example

There is a gap between in vitro and clinical studies concerning performance of spinal disc prosthesis. Retrieval studies may help to bridge this gap by providing more detailed information about motion characteristics, wear properties and osseous integration. Here, we report on the radiographic, mechanical, histological properties of a cervical spine segment treated with a cervical spine disc prosthesis (Prodisc C, Synthes Spine, Paoli, USA) for 3 months. A 48-year-old male received the device due to symptomatic degenerative disc disease within C5–C6. The patient recovered completely from his symptoms. Twelve weeks later, he died from a subarachnoid hemorrhage. During routine autopsy, C3–T1 was removed with all attached muscles and ligaments and subjected to plain X-rays and computed tomography, three dimensional flexibility tests, shear test as well as histological and electronic microscopic investigations. We detected radiolucencies mainly at the cranial interface between bone and implant. The flexibility of the segment under pure bending moments of ±2.5 Nm applied in flexion/extension, axial rotation and lateral bending was preserved, with, however, reduced lateral bending and enlarged neutral zone compared to the adjacent segments C4–C5, and C6–C7. Stepwise increase of loading in flexion/extension up to ±9.5 Nm did not result in segmental destruction. A postero-anterior force of 146 N was necessary to detach the lower half of the prosthesis from the vertebra. At the polyethylene (PE) core, signs of wear were observed compared to an unused core using electronic microscopy. Metal and PE debris without signs of severe inflammatory reaction was found within the surrounding soft tissue shell of the segment. A thin layer of soft connective tissue covered the major part of the implant endplate. Despite the limits of such a case report, the results show: that such implants are able to preserve at least a certain degree of segmental flexibility, that direct bone implant contact is probably rare, and that debris may be found after 12 weeks