139 research outputs found
Wage Problems of Employees
Import 26/06/2013PrĂĄce se zabĂœvĂĄ problematikou mezd zamÄstnancĆŻ. Obsahuje teoretickĂ© aspekty ohlednÄ mezd. V praktickĂ© ÄĂĄsti je zamÄĆena na lĂ©ta 2007 aĆŸ 2013. Kdy v kaĆŸdĂ©m roce je nĂĄzornÄ na typovĂ©m pĆĂkladÄ ukĂĄzĂĄno, jak se mzda poÄĂtala a to ve tĆech variantĂĄch kdy byla hrubĂĄ mzda 9 000 KÄ, 22 000 KÄ nebo 35 000 KÄ. V kaĆŸdĂ©m jednotlivĂ©m roce je rozebrĂĄno, co se zmÄnilo. KonkrĂ©tnÄ jak se zmÄnil zpĆŻsob vĂœpoÄtu, ÄistĂĄ mzda, slevy na dani, daĆovĂ© zvĂœhodnÄnĂ, odvody na sociĂĄlnĂ a zdravotnĂ pojiĆĄtÄnĂ a zĂĄloha na daĆ. V prĂĄci je rozebrĂĄno, jak se mzda poÄĂtala, kdyĆŸ se pouĆŸĂvalo progresivnĂ zdanÄnĂ a jak se poÄĂtĂĄ v pĆĂpadÄ pouĆŸitĂ superhrubĂ© mzdy a jakĂ© jsou rozdĂly a dĆŻsledky. Je zde i ukĂĄzĂĄno jak se mzdy zamÄstnancĆŻ ĂșÄtujĂ v ĂșÄetnictvĂ. VĂœsledky vĂœvoje ÄistĂ© mzdy, sociĂĄlnĂho a zdravotnĂho pojiĆĄtÄnĂ a zĂĄloh na dani jsou zde uspoĆĂĄdĂĄny v pĆehlednĂœch tabulkĂĄch pro kaĆŸdou ze tĆĂ variant hrubĂ© mzdy spolu s komentĂĄĆem. Je zde i graf vĂœvoje ÄistĂ© mzdy.The thesis deals with issues related to employees wages. In contains theoretical aspects of wages. In focuses on years from 2007 to 2013 in its practical part. There is an example for each year to show how was the wage calculated. The examples include three types of gross wages, 9 000 KÄ, 22 000 KÄ or 35 000 KÄ. There are comments included for each year related to changes arisen. Specifically how the calculations changed over the years, including net wage, development tax reductions, tax benefits, social and health insurance and tax advances. The thesis further analyzes how was the wage calculated in case of progressive taxation and in case of super-gross wage. Then it sums up the differences of the results and its consequences. It also shows how are the wages kept in accounts. All the results are clearly organised in tables for each type of gross wage example including comments. The net wage development chart is also included.117 - Katedra ĂșÄetnictvĂdobĆ
About low field memory and negative magnetization in semiconductors and polymers
Ginzburg-Landau bulk magnetization of itinerant electrons can provide a
negative effective field in the Weiss model by coupling to localized magnetic
moments. The coupling enforces remnant magnetization, which can be negative or
positive depending on the sample magnetic history. Stable magnetic
susceptibility of coupled nonequilibrium subsystems with magnetization reversal
is always positive. Gauss-scale fields could be expected for switching between
negative and positive remnant moments in semiconductors with coupling at
ambient temperatures. Negative magnetization in ultra-high conducting polymers
is also discussed within the developed framework.Comment: 8 pages, no figure
2s Hyperfine Structure in Hydrogen Atom and Helium-3 Ion
The usefulness of study of hyperfine splitting in the hydrogen atom is
limited on a level of 10 ppm by our knowledge of the proton structure. One way
to go beyond 10 ppm is to study a specific difference of the hyperfine
structure intervals 8 Delta nu_2 - Delta nu_1. Nuclear effects for are not
important this difference and it is of use to study higher-order QED
corrections.Comment: 10 pages, presented at Hydrogen Atom II meeting (2000
Can Experienced Observers Differentiate between Lipoma and Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma Using Only MRI?
Well-differentiated liposarcoma represents a radiographic diagnostic dilemma. To determine the accuracy, interrater reliability, and relationship of stranding, nodularity, and size in the MRI differentiation of lipoma and well-differentiated liposarcoma, MRI scans of 60 patients with large (\u3e5âcm), deep, pathologically proven lipomas or well-differentiated liposarcomas were examined by 10 observers with subspecialty training blinded to diagnosis. Observers indicated whether the amount of stranding, nodularity, and size of each tumor suggested a benign or malignant diagnosis and rendered a diagnosis of lipoma or well-differentiated liposarcoma. The accuracy, reliability, and relationship of stranding, nodularity, and size to diagnosis were calculated for all samples. 69% of reader MRI diagnoses agreed with final pathology diagnosis (95% CI 65-73%). Readers tended to err choosing a diagnosis of liposarcoma, correctly identifying lipomas in 63% of cases (95% CI 58-69%) and liposarcomas in 75% of cases (95% CI 69-80%). Assessment of the relationship of stranding, nodularity, and size to correct diagnosis showed that the presence of each was associated with a decreased likelihood of a lipoma pathological diagnosis (P \u3c 0.01). While the radiographic diagnosis of lipoma or well-differentiated liposarcoma cannot be made with 100% certainty, experienced observers have a 69% chance of rendering a correct diagnosis
Kaon Energies in Dense Matter
We discuss the role of kaon-nucleon and nucleon-nucleon correlations in kaon
condensation in dense matter. Correlations raise the threshold density for kaon
condensation, possibly to densities higher than those encountered in stable
neutron stars.Comment: RevTeX, 11 pages, 2 PostScript figures; manuscript also available, in
PostScript form, at http://www.nordita.dk/locinfo/preprints.htm
Empirical evidence for unique hues?
Red, green, blue, yellow, and white have been distinguished from other hues as unique. We present results from two experiments that undermine existing behavioral evidence to separate the unique hues from other colors. In Experiment 1 we used hue scaling, which has often been used to support the existence of unique hues, but has never been attempted with a set of non-unique primaries. Subjects were assigned to one of two experimental conditions. In the "unique" condition, they rated the proportions of red, yellow, blue, and green that they perceived in each of a series of test stimuli. In the "intermediate" condition, they rated the proportions of teal, purple, orange, and lime. We found, surprisingly, that results from the two conditions were largely equivalent. In Experiment 2, we investigated the effect of instruction on subjects' settings of unique hues. We found that altering the color terms given in the instructions to include intermediate hues led to significant shifts in the hue that subjects identified as unique. The results of both experiments question subjects' abilities to identify certain hues as unique
Superficial Soft-Tissue Sarcomas Rarely Require Advanced Soft-Tissue Reconstruction Following Resection
Objective: Soft-tissue sarcomas are most frequently located deep within myofascial compartments. Superficial soft-tissue sarcomas (S-STS) are relatively less common and may be managed differently than deep sarcomas because generous resection margins are often possible without sacrificing critical structures. We sought to investigate the frequency and types of soft-tissue reconstructive procedures that are required following excision of S-STS.
Methods: We reviewed 457 consecutively treated patients with S-STS with a minimum 2-year follow-up from our prospectively maintained database between 1989 and 2009.
Results: Mean follow-up was 10.5 years (range, 2â23). Four hundred twenty-one tumors (91%) were excised with negative margins, 38 (8.3%) had microscopically positive margins, and three (0.7%) had grossly positive margins. One patient required an amputation. In 271 (58%) patients, the wounds were closed primarily. In comparison, 93 patients (20%) required a rotation flap, 70 (15%) required a split-thickness skin graft, and 23 (5%) underwent a free tissue transfer (ie, advanced reconstructive procedure). The overall complication rate was 12%, although 43% of patients undergoing free tissue transfer developed complications (P = 0.04). An unplanned excision before referral to our center was a risk factor for local recurrence (P = 0.03) when residual tumor was recovered in the reexcision specimen pathologically.
Conclusions: Although concern about the morbidity associated with a free tissue transfer (ie, advanced reconstructive procedure) may potentially limit the adequacy of resection in some patients with S-STS, the results of this study showed that the majority of patients had complete excisions with negative margins and primary closure. Obtaining a negative margin when excising a known or suspected S-STS rarely requires an advanced reconstructive procedure and almost never results in loss of limb
Nucleon-nucleon interaction in the Skyrme model
We consider the interaction of two skyrmions in the framework of the sudden
approximation. The widely used product ansatz is investigated. Its failure in
reproducing an attractive central potential is associated with terms that
violate G-parity. We discuss the construction of alternative ans\"atze and
identify a plausible solution to the problem.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure
Hyperfine Structure of S-States in Muonic Helium Ion
Corrections of orders alpha^5 and alpha^6 are calculated in the hyperfine
splittings of 1S and 2S - energy levels in the ion of muonic helium. The
electron vacuum polarization effects, the nuclear structure corrections and
recoil corrections are taken into account. The obtained numerical values of the
hyperfine splittings -1334.56 meV (1S state), -166.62 meV (2S state) can be
considered as a reliable estimate for the comparison with the future
experimental data. The hyperfine splitting interval Delta_{12}=(8 Delta
E^{hfs}(2S)- Delta E^{hfs}(1S)) = 1.64 meV can be used for the check of quantum
electrodynamics.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
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