19,029 research outputs found
Growing Hair on the extremal black hole
We show that the nonlinear model in an asymptotically
space-time admits a novel local symmetry. The field action is assumed to be
quartic in the nonlinear model fields and minimally coupled to
gravity. The local symmetry transformation simultaneously twists the nonlinear
model fields and changes the space-time metric, and it can be used to
map an extremal black hole to infinitely many hairy black hole solutions.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, minor corrections include
Hybridized polymer matrix composite
Under certain conditions of combined fire and impact, graphite fibers are released to the atmosphere by graphite fiber composites. The retention of graphite fibers in these situations is investigated. Hybrid combinations of graphite tape and cloth, glass cloth, and resin additives are studied with resin systems. Polyimide resins form the most resistant composites and resins based on simple novolac epoxies the least resistant of those tested. Great improvement in the containment of the fibers is obtained in using graphite/glass hybrids, and nearly complete prevention of individual fiber release is made possible by the use of resin additives
Noncommutative BTZ Black Hole and Discrete Time
We search for all Poisson brackets for the BTZ black hole which are
consistent with the geometry of the commutative solution and are of lowest
order in the embedding coordinates. For arbitrary values for the angular
momentum we obtain two two-parameter families of contact structures. We obtain
the symplectic leaves, which characterize the irreducible representations of
the noncommutative theory. The requirement that they be invariant under the
action of the isometry group restricts to symplectic leaves,
where is associated with the Schwarzschild time. Quantization may then lead
to a discrete spectrum for the time operator.Comment: 10 page
ON THE GEOMETRY OF THE X-RAY EMITTING REGION IN SEYFERT GALAXIES
For the first time, detailed radiative transfer calculations of Comptonized
X-ray and gamma-ray radiation in a hot pair plasma above a cold accretion disk
are performed using two independent codes and methods. The simulations include
both energy and pair balance as well as reprocessing of the X- and gamma-rays
by the cold disk. We study both plane-parallel coronae as well as active
dissipation regions having shapes of hemispheres and pill boxes located on the
disk surface. It is shown, contrary to earlier claims, that plane-parallel
coronae in pair balance have difficulties in selfconsistently reproducing the
ranges of 2-20 keV spectral slopes, high energy cutoffs, and compactnesses
inferred from observations of type 1 Seyfert galaxies. Instead, the
observations are consistent with the X-rays coming from a number of individual
active regions located on the surface of the disk.
A number of effects such as anisotropic Compton scattering, the reflection
hump, feedback to the soft photon source by reprocessing, and an active region
in pair equilibrium all conspire to produce the observed ranges of X-ray
slopes, high energy cutoffs, and compactnesses. The spread in spectral X-ray
slopes can be due to a spread in the properties of the active regions such as
their compactnesses and their elevations above the disk surface. Simplified
models invoking isotropic Comptonization in spherical clouds are no longer
sufficient when interpreting the data.Comment: 9 pages, 3 postscript figures, figures can be obtained from the
authors via e-mail: [email protected]
Properties of Quantum Hall Skyrmions from Anomalies
It is well known that the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (FQHE) may be
effectively represented by a Chern-Simons theory. In order to incorporate QH
Skyrmions, we couple this theory to the topological spin current, and include
the Hopf term. The cancellation of anomalies for chiral edge states, and the
proviso that Skyrmions may be created and destroyed at the edge, fixes the
coefficients of these new terms. Consequently, the charge and the spin of the
Skyrmion are uniquely determined. For those two quantities we find the values
and , respectively, where is electron charge,
is the filling fraction and is the Skyrmion winding number. We
also add terms to the action so that the classical spin fluctuations in the
bulk satisfy the standard equations of a ferromagnet, with spin waves that
propagate with the classical drift velocity of the electron.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX file; Some remarks are included to clarify the
physical results obtained, and the role of the Landau-Lifshitz equation is
emphasized. Some references adde
Electronic dummy for acoustical testing
Electronic Dummy /ED/ used for acoustical testing represents the average male torso from the Xiphoid process upward and includes an acoustic replica of the human head. This head simulates natural flesh, and has an artificial voice and artificial ears that measure sound pressures at the eardrum or the entrance to the ear canal
Extreme 18O-enrichment in majorite constrains a crustal origin of transition zone diamonds
The fate of subducted oceanic lithosphere and its role in the planet-scale geochemical cycle is a key problem in solid Earth studies. Asthenospheric and transition zone minerals included in diamond have been interpreted as representing subducted oceanic crust based on inclusion REE patterns and strong 13C depletion of their host diamond (δ13C as low as -23 ‰). This view/explanation, however, has been challenged by alternative interpretations that variable carbon isotopic compositions either result from high temperature fractionation involving carbides, or reflect primordial, unhomogenised mantle reservoirs. Here, we present the first oxygen isotope analyses of inclusions in such ultradeep diamonds – majoritic garnets in diamond from Jagersfontein (South Africa). The oxygen isotope compositions provide unambiguous evidence for derivation of the inclusions from subducted crustal materials. The δ18OVSMOW values of the majorites range from +8.6 ‰ to +10.0 ‰, well outside that of ambient mantle (+5.5 ±0.4 ‰) and indicate that the protoliths were very heavily weathered at relatively low temperatures. When this information is combined with the broadly eclogitic composition of the majoritic garnets, a derivation from subducted sea-floor basalts is implied. Based on the association between the heavy oxygen and light carbon, the light carbon isotope composition cannot relate to deep mantle processes and is also ultimately derived from the crust
Composite Fermions with Orbital Magnetization
For quantum Hall systems, in the limit of large magnetic field (or
equivalently small electron band mass ), the static response of electrons
to a spatially varying magnetic field is largely determined by kinetic energy
considerations. This response is not correctly given in existing approximations
based on the Fermion Chern-Simons theory of the partially filled Landau level.
We remedy this problem by attaching an orbital magnetization to each fermion to
separate the current into magnetization and transport contributions, associated
with the cyclotron and guiding center motions respectively. This leads to a
Chern-Simons Fermi liquid description of the state which
correctly predicts the dependence of the static and dynamic response in
the limit .Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX, no figure
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