The intensity of the ancient lunar field from magnetic studies on lunar samples

Palaeointensity determination on Apollo 11, 16, and 17 rocks have indicated that from 3.9 to 4.0 AE ago the strength of the surface lunar magnetic field was about 1.3 Oe, while there is evidence from younger rocks that a field of about one quarter of this value was present at a later time (3.6 AE)

Inclusion of non-spherical components of the Pauli blocking operator in (p,p') reactions

We present the first calculations of proton elastic and inelastic scattering in which the Pauli blocking operator contains the leading non-spherical components as well as the usual spherical (angle-averaged) part. We develop a formalism for including the contributions to the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction from the resulting new G-matrix elements that extend the usual two-nucleon spin structure and may not conserve angular momentum. We explore the consequences of parity conservation, time reversal invariance, and nucleon-nucleon antisymmetrization for the new effective interaction. Changes to the calculated cross section and spin observables are small in the energy range from 100 to 200 MeV.Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Physical Review

Synthesis of calculational methods for the design and analysis of radiation shields for nuclear rocket systems. Volume 2 - Analysis of radiation measurements in a nuclear rocket propellant tank mockup using simulated liquid hydrogen

Calculational methods for nuclear rocket radiation shield design - analysis of radiation measurements in nuclear rocket propellant tank mockup using simulated liquid hydroge

A Shell of Thermal X-ray Emission Associated with the Young Crab-like Remnant 3C58

Deep X-ray imaging spectroscopy of the bright pulsar wind nebula 3C58 confirms the existence of an embedded thermal X-ray shell surrounding the pulsar PSR J0205+6449. Radially resolved spectra obtained with the XMM-Newton telescope are well-characterized by a power-law model with the addition of a soft thermal emission component in varying proportions. These fits reproduce the well-studied increase in the spectral index with radius attributed to synchrotron burn-off of high energy electrons. Most interestingly, a radially resolved thermal component is shown to map out a shell-like structure ~6' in diameter. The presence of a strong emission line corresponding to the Ne IX He-like transition requires an overabundance of ~3 x [Ne/Ne(sun)] in the Raymond-Smith plasma model. The best-fit temperature kT ~ 0.23 keV is essentially independent of radius for the derived column density of N_H = (4.2 +/- 0.1)E21 per cm squared. Our result suggests that thermal shells can be obscured in the early evolution of a supernova remnant by non-thermal pulsar wind nebulae emission; the luminosity of the 3C58 shell is more than an order of magnitude below the upper limit on a similar shell in the Crab Nebula. We find the shell centroid to be offset from the pulsar location. If this neutron star has a velocity similar to that of the Crab pulsar, we derive an age of 3700 yr and a velocity vector aligned with the long axis of the PWN. The shell parameters and pulsar offset add to the accumulating evidence that 3C58 is not the remnant of the supernova of CE 1181.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, Latex emulateapj style. To appear in the Astrophysical Journa

Elementary excitations in the gapped phase of a frustrated S=1/2 spin ladder: from spinons to the Haldane triplet

We use the variational matrix-product ansatz to study elementary excitations in the S=1/2 ladder with additional diagonal coupling, equivalent to a single S=1/2 chain with alternating exchange and next-nearest neighbor interaction. In absence of alternation the elementary excitation consists of two free S=1/2 particles ("spinons") which are solitons in the dimer order. When the nearest-neighbor exchange alternates, the "spinons" are confined into one S=1 excitation being a soliton in the generalized string order. Variational results are found to be in a qualitative agreement with the exact diagonalization data for 24 spins. We argue that such an approach gives a reasonably good description in a wide range of the model parameters.Comment: RevTeX, 13 pages, 11 embedded figures, uses psfig and multico

Fluid inclusion evidence for the nature of fluids associated with recrystallization of quartzites in the EJB contact Aureole, California

The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file.Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on January 15, 2010).Thesis advisor: Dr. Peter Nabelek.Includes bibliographical references.M.S. University of Missouri--Columbia 2009.Dissertations, Academic -- University of Missouri--Columbia -- Geological sciences.The purpose of this study was to look at the control of fluids and fluid composition on recrystallization of quartzites in the Eureka Valley - Joshua Flat - Beer Creek pluton contact aureole (EJB), in the White - Inyo Mountains of eastern California. The aureole shows varying degrees of recrystallization and deformation. Fluid inclusions were analyzed by microthermometry, laser ablation - inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry, and Raman spectoscopy, to define the compositions of fluids that were responsible for the contrasting styles of deformation and recrystallization. The inclusions were grouped into three types based on composition: Type I inclusions are strictly aqueous inclusions with various salts. Type II inclusions are mixed aqueous - carbonic inclusions with an aqueous liquid phase and a vapor bubble with a double meniscus of CO2 fluid and vapor. Type III inclusions have an aqueous - hydrogen sulfide liquid and a single - phase CO₂ - CH₄ vapor. Isochores were developed using LA - ICP - MS and microthermometry data to determine the trapping environment of the inclusions. The isochores show an extensive range of P - T conditions of trapping for all types of inclusions, indicating that the P - T history of the EJB aureole is complex, and that all inclusions appear to have undergone the same complicated history. This study suggests that the fluids trapped in the EJB aureole quartzites are metamorphic from the Antler orogeny. Fluid composition has played a role in the recrystallization history of this quartzite. It is also probable that the pattern of recrystallization seen in the EJB aureole has strongly been influenced by the amount of strain taken up by the Mule Spring unit, allowing theinner aureole to be unaffected by the pluton intrusion. The higher Ca concentrations in fluids in the inner aureole may also have retarded recrystallization of quartzite in the inner aureole

Does the keeping of a professional development profile lead to an enhanced self awareness in newly qualified secondary teachers? A study conducted in a large UK University

Looking at how the professional development profile leads to an enhanced self awareness in newly qualified secondary teachers.</p

The Influence of Large Prestrains on Dynamic Properties of Sand

The development of the UMR Resonant Column/Torsional simple Shear device has provided the means to evaluate high and low amplitude shear moduli on a single sand specimen. Results of cyclic torsional simple shear tests showed that progressive strain increases w1th the cyclic strain amplitude and the number of cycles and decreases with density of the sand. Large accumulated prestrains were found to decrease the maximum dynamic shear modulus by 30 to 35%