Immunohistochemical Localization of Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) to Hodgkin\u27s and Reed-Sternberg Cells of Hodgkin\u27s lymphoma

Prolactin receptor (PRLR), a type-1 cytokine receptor, is overexpressed in a number of cancer types. It has attracted much attention for putative pro-oncogenic roles, which however, remains controversial in some malignancies. In this study, we reported the localization of PRLR to the Hodgkin\u27s and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells of Hodgkin\u27s lymphoma (HL), a neoplasm of predominantly B cell origin. Immunohistochemistry performed on 5-μm thick FFPE sections revealed expression of PRLR in HRS cells. Cellular immunofluorescence experiments showed that the HL-derived cell lines, Hs445, KMH2 and L428 overexpressed PRLR. The PRLR immunofluorescent signal was depleted after treating the cell lines with 10 μM of siRNA for 48 h. We also tested whether PRLR is involved in the growth of HL, in vitro. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on cell growth data obtain from WST-1 cell proliferation assay and trypan blue exclusion assay and hemocytometry showed that siRNA-depletion of PRLR expression resulted in decreased growth in all three cell lines. These results offered only a short insight into the involvement of PRLR in HL. As a result, further investigation is required to decipher the precise role(s) of PRLR in the pathogenesis of HL

Luteolin Induces Cytotoxicity in Mix Cellularity Classical Hodgkin\u27s Lymphoma via Caspase Activated-cell Death

Background/aim: We investigated the effects of luteolin (LUT) on classical Hodgkin\u27s lymphoma (cHL), since such studies in malignant lymphomas are lacking. Materials and methods: Effect of LUT on cell growth was assessed with water-soluble tetrazolium 1 (WST-1) cell proliferation assay and automated hemocytometry on trypan blue-exclusion assay. Cell death was investigated with acridine orange/ethidium bromide live-dead assay, propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry, and Annexin-V-PI microscopy. Caspase activation was studied using CellEvent Caspase-3/7 Green detection reagent. High resolution immunofluorescence microscopy was used to detect cleaved-PARP-1. Results: LUT induced a dose-dependent decrease in the growth of KMH2 and L428 cells, cellular models of mix-cellularity (MC) and nodular sclerosis (NS) cHL, respectively. However, LUT induced cell death only in KMH2, at a higher concentration, and this was associated with caspase activation and cleaved PARP-1. Conclusion: LUT induces cytotoxicity in the MC-cHL cellular model KMH2 via caspase activation

Severity of acute Zika virus infection:A prospective emergency room surveillance study during the 2015-2016 outbreak in Suriname

Acute Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is usually mild and self-limiting. Earlier, we reported three cases of fatal acute ZIKV infection in patients without typical signs of ZIKV, but rather with criteria of systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS). To follow up these observations, we prospectively included patients at the emergency room with temperature instability and suspected to have acute ZIKV infection, SIRS, or both. A total of 102 patients were included of whom N = 21 (21%) were suspected of acute ZIKV infection, N = 56 (55%) of acute ZIKV infection with SIRS criteria, and N = 25 (24%) of SIRS alone. ZIKV-PCR was positive in N = 21 (20%) patients. Eight (38%) ZIKV-positive patients needed admission to the hospital of whom four (50%) presented with SIRS alone. One ZIKV-positive patient had vascular co-morbidity and died following shock and severe coagulopathy. We confirm the hypothesis that acute ZIKV infection can present atypical and severely with systemic inflammation and have lethal course particularly amongst patients with significant prior disease

Zika virus infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome in three patients from Suriname

We present three patients from Suriname who were diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) during the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in this country. One patient had a positive ZIKV urine real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) result. The other two patients had a negative ZIKV urine qRT-PCR but a positive virus neutralization test and presence of IgG antibodies against ZIKV in the serum. Considering the evidence of a past ZIKV infection and absence of evidence for recent infections with the most common preceding infections of GBS, it is very likely that these GBS cases were triggered by ZIKV

Three atypical lethal cases associated with acute Zika virus infection in Suriname

Acute Zika virus infection usually presents with a self-limiting triad of fever, rash and arthritis. There is limited information on severe or lethal cases. We report three cases of lethal acute Zika infection, confirmed with polymerase chain reaction, in adult patients with some co-morbidities. The patients showed rapid clinical deterioration with hemorrhagic and septic shock, and exaggerated acute and innate inflammatory responses with pronounced coagulopathy, and died soon after admission to the hospital. It remains unclear whether the fatal outcomes were due to acute Zika virus infection alone or to the combination with exacerbated underlying prior disease or co-infection. Nonetheless, the severity of these cases implies that increased awareness for atypical presentations of Zika virus infection, and careful clinical assessment of patients with symptoms of Zika, is warranted during current and future outbreaks

A Case of Lagochilascariasis in Suriname with the Involvement of the ENT System and the Skull Base

We describe a case of human lagochilascariasis, with skull-base involvement and a chronic and relapsing course after treatment. This rare parasitic infection is usually manifested in the head and neck area, characterized by progressive granulomatous inflammation and the formation of abscesses. Transmission to humans most likely occurs by the consumption of undercooked meat of wild rodents. On the basis of literature studies, we propose the most likely life cycle of the parasite that involves wild feline and rodent species, with humans as accidental hosts. Even in endemic areas, it is very difficult to recognize the disease at an early stage. Progression will eventually lead to involvement of the (central) nervous system, as described in our case. Treatment is often difficult and involves resection and prolonged treatment with anthelmintic drugs. Recurrences are not uncommon and at present, long-term oral administration of ivermectin seems to be the most effective treatment

Severity of acute Zika virus infection: A prospective emergency room surveillance study during the 2015–2016 outbreak in Suriname

textabstractAcute Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is usually mild and self-limiting. Earlier, we reported three cases of fatal acute ZIKV infection in patients without typical signs of ZIKV, but rather with criteria of systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS). To follow up these observations, we prospectively included patients at the emergency room with temperature instability and suspected to have acute ZIKV infection, SIRS, or both. A total of 102 patients were included of whom N = 21 (21%) were suspected of acute ZIKV infection, N = 56 (55%) of acute ZIKV infection with SIRS criteria, and N = 25 (24%) of SIRS alone. ZIKV-PCR was positive in N = 21 (20%) patients. Eight (38%) ZIKV-positive patients needed admission to the hospital of whom four (50%) presented with SIRS alone. One ZIKV-positive patient had vascular co-morbidity and died following shock and severe coagulopathy. We confirm the hypothesis that acute ZIKV infection can present atypical and severely with systemic inflammation and have lethal course particularly amongst patients with significant prior disease

Prevalence, determinants and genetic diversity of hepatitis C virus in the multi-ethnic population living in Suriname

Little is known about the epidemiology of HCV in Suriname, a former Dutch colony in South America. To study the prevalence, determinants and genetic diversity of HCV, a one-month survey was conducted at the only Emergency Department in the capital Paramaribo. Participants (>= 18 years) completed an interviewer-led standardized HCV risk-factor questionnaire, were tested for HCV-antibodies, and if positive also for HCV RNA. The overall HCV prevalence was 1.0% (22/2128 participants; 95%CI 0.7-1.5). Male sex (OR=4.11; 95%CI 1.30-13.01), older age (OR=1.06 per year increase; 95%CI 1.04-1.09), Javanese ethnicity (OR=7.84; 95%CI 3.25-18.89) and cosmetic tattooing (OR=31.7; 95%CI 3.25-323.87) were independently associated with HCV-infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed six distinct HCV subtypes, all HCV-geno-type 2 (HCV-2): subtype 2f (also circulating in Indonesia) plus five yet unassigned HCV-2 subtypes exclusively linked to Suriname. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserve

mTORC1 Plays an Important Role in Skeletal Development by Controlling pre-Osteoblast Differentiation

The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is activated by extracellular factors that control bone accrual. However, the direct role of this complex in osteoblast biology remains to be determined. To investigate this question, we disrupted mTORC1 function in pre-osteoblasts by targeted deletion of Raptor (Rptor) in Osterix-expressing cells. Deletion of Rptor resulted in reduced limb length that was associated with smaller epiphyseal growth plates in the postnatal skeleton. Rptor deletion caused a marked reduction in pre- and post-natal bone accrual, which was evident in skeletal elements derived from both intramembranous and endochondrial ossification. The decrease in bone accrual, and associated increase in skeletal fragility, was due to a reduction in osteoblast function. In vitro, osteoblasts derived from knockout mice display a reduced osteogenic potential and an assessment of bone-developmental markers in Rptor knockout osteoblasts revealed a transcriptional profile consistent with an immature osteoblast phenotype suggesting osteoblast differentiation was stalled early in osteogenesis. Metabolic labeling and an assessment of cell size of Rptor knockout osteoblasts revealed a significant decrease in protein synthesis, a major driver of cell growth. These findings demonstrate that mTORC1 plays an important role in skeletal development by regulating mRNA translation during pre-osteoblast differentiation