Incidence and Timing of Low Dissolved Oxygen Events in the Squamscott River: 2005-07

The Squamscott River has had extended episodes of low dissolved oxygen (DO) that have been recorded at a site near its mouth during the past few years. These episodes were recorded as a result of temporally intensive monitoring by a datasonde deployed through most of each year. Whereas low DO events can occur during April-November, events during the colder months are typically less frequent and are often caused by unusual natural or severe weather conditions. Low DO events occur most frequently during July-September when elevated levels of nutrients are most likely to contribute to their cause, and are thus of most concern. The study found the warm season time period of July-September to be the time of year when low DO events were most frequent and pervasive. In comparisons between each year from 2005 to 2007, 2005 had less frequent and pervasive low DO events compared to 2006 and 2007. Relative to tidal cycle conditions, low DO conditions were most likely to occur during neap tide conditions, as indicated by the least shallow depth readings for the data sonde. Beyond the seasonal and tidal time periods, the time of day where conditions are most likely to cause low DO events is also critical for focusing field efforts. The most frequently observed time of day when either a low DO event was initiated or the lowest DO reading was recorded was in the morning, especially before 8:00 AM. Much less frequent occurrence of these events was observed during the second half of days. It appears that the predicted conditions for conducting water measurements and sampling during 2005 were relatively accurate. The study should have been more successful except that 2005 was a year in which low DO episodes were less frequent and pervasive. Future studies in the Squamscott River area near the data sonde can benefit from use of the results reported herein. The same kind of analysis could also be used to help inform studies in other areas of the estuary where data sondes are nearby and have available databases for water quality conditions

John Philip Sousa and the Wagner Overture: A New Transcription of the Overture to Der fliegende Holländer for Wind Orchestra

This research examines John Philip Sousa’s 1893 wind band transcription of Richard Wagner’s overture to Der fliegende Holländer, and focuses specifically on how Sousa reconceived orchestral sonorities and solved particular problems posed by Wagner’s complex orchestrational textures. Findings include that, while appropriate for the era and instrumentation of Sousa’s band, his transcription contains certain limitations for the twenty-first-century wind orchestra. Due to the fact that Sousa’s compositions, arrangements, and transcriptions were written to accommodate frequent outdoor performances, Sousa’s transcription uses more doubled voicings than would be necessary in an indoor concert hall setting. Further, while Sousa’s instrumentation approximates that of the modern wind orchestra, there are notable differences that must be resolved. For these reasons, an update to Sousa’s transcription is needed. As a culminating product of this research, I am including my transcription for wind orchestra of Wagner’s overture to Der fliegende Holländer. In this transcription, I have taken great care to maintain the spirit of Sousa’s while bringing more relevance to the concert hall wind orchestra approach popular in the twenty- first century. I have restored the overture to its original key; maintained the original wind, brass, and timpani parts of Wagner’s orchestral score; and, as often as possible, eliminated doubling of voices unnecessary in the concert hall. I have also updated the instrumentation to today’s needs and added a cello, double bass, and a full complement of harmony clarinets to accentuate a sonic landscape that uses the various colors and timbre possibilities of the modern wind orchestra

DEFENDING ALL-MALE EDUCATION: A NEW CULTURAL MOMENT FOR A RENEWED DEBATE

Although all-female schools still prosper and are defended by members of the academic elite, an all-male college has become a near-extinct species. Many people are surprised such a creature still exists. All-male colleges strike many as vestiges of male privilege. They evoke the traditional bastions of power that precluded women from advancing in public life. Single-sex education is not for everyone, but if our educational system is to be truly pluralistic, such an education should be an option. Single-sex education for both genders can be a constructive way to address problems plaguing not only education but the culture as a whole. Educators are now more willing to reevaluate all-male education. While research on single-sex education focuses on women, its conclusions often show significant gains for both genders. Indeed, those who experience an all-male education are usually eager to talk of its empowering effect. In our society, sex is used and exploited as the primary means of self-expression and ultimate fulfillment. It is possible that the single-sex atmosphere might help put such distorted claims into a better perspective. It is time for a new debate about all-male education

Sub-Kelvin resistance thermometer

A device capable of accurate temperature measurement down to 0.01 K of a particular object is discussed. The device is comprised of the following: a heat sink wafer; a first conducting pad bonded near one end of the heat sink wafer; a second conducting pad bonded near the other end of the heat sink wafer; and an oblong doped semiconductor crystal such as germanium. The oblong doped semiconductor crystal has a third conducting pad bonded on its bottom surface with the oblong doped semiconductor crystal bonded to the heat sink wafer by having the fourth conducting pad bonded to the first conducting pad. A wire is bonded between the second and third conducting pads. Current and voltage wires bonded to the first and second conducting pads measure the change in resistance of the oblong doped semiconductor crystal; this indicates the temperature of the object whose temperature is to be measured

Tracking Bacterial Pollution Sources in Stormwater Pipes

The New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (DES) conducted two rounds of wet weather sampling in the Hampton Harbor watershed during 2002. Samples were collected from stormdrains, tributaries, and harbor stations for bacteria and flow in order to calculate bacteria loads. This information was needed to prioritize pollution sources as part of a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) study of bacteria in Hampton Harbor (Trowbridge, 2003). Two of the 16 monitored stormdrain pipes were selected for microbial source determination using ribotype profiling. Stormdrain pipe selection was based on the bacteria loading data from the first wet weather sampling that occurred on 7/23/02. The two sampling sites identified as HHPS069 and HHPS182 contributed 12% and 60%, respectively, of the bacteria load from the 16 monitored stormdrains during the first storm event. It was determined that these two pipes would be targeted for more intensive investigations based on the high relative loading of bacteria. Thus, samples were collected during a second storm on October 16, 2002 from these two pipes and analyzed for source species identification using ribotype profiling

MS-063: Melancthon E. Washburn Family Collection

The Melancthon E. Washburn Papers consist primarily of correspondence between Washburn and his family members during the Civil War period. While the letters date anywhere from 1857 to 1883, most of them fall into the 1861 to 1865 time frame. The collection also consists of a wide range of miscellaneous items, including newspaper clippings collected into scrapbooks, the diary of Melancthon’s son William Washburn, wedding invitations, Confederate bonds and currency, and a public broadside advertising a slave auction. Special Collections and College Archives Finding Aids are discovery tools used to describe and provide access to our holdings. Finding aids include historical and biographical information about each collection in addition to inventories of their content. More information about our collections can be found on our website http://www.gettysburg.edu/special_collections/collections/.https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/findingaidsall/1058/thumbnail.jp

DNA as Patentable Subject Matter and a Narrow Framework for Addressing the Perceived Problems Caused by Gene Patents

Concerns about the alleged harmful effects of gene patents— including hindered research and innovation and impeded patient access to high-quality genetic diagnostic tests—have resulted in overreactions from the public and throughout the legal profession. These overreactions are exemplified by Association for Molecular Pathology v. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, a 2010 case in the Southern District of New York that held that isolated DNA is unpatentable subject matter under 35 U.S.C. § 101. The problem with these responses is that they fail to adequately consider the role that gene patents and patents on similar biomolecules play in facilitating investment in the costly and risky developmental processes required to transform the underlying inventions into marketable products. Accordingly, a more precisely refined solution is advisable. This Note proposes a narrowly tailored set of solutions to address the concerns about gene patents without destroying the incentives for companies to create and commercialize inventions derived from these and similar patents

Berkeley on God's Knowledge of Pain

Since nothing about God is passive, and the perception of pain is inherently passive, then it seems that God does not know what it is like to experience pain. Nor would he be able to cause us to experience pain, for his experience would then be a sensation (which would require God to have senses, which he does not). My suggestion is that Berkeley avoids this situation by describing how God knows about pain “among other things” (i.e. as something whose identity is intelligible in terms of the integrated network of things). This avoids having to assume that God has ideas (including pain) apart from his willing that there be perceivers who have specific ideas that are in harmony or not in harmony with one another