A near-field study on the transition from localized to propagating plasmons on 2D nano-wedges

In this manuscript we report on a near-feld study of two-dimensional plasmonic gold nano-wedges using electron energy loss spectroscopy in combination with scanning transmission electron microscopy, as well as discontinuous Galerkin time-domain computations. With increasing nano-wedge size, we observe a transition from localized surface plasmons on small nano-wedges to non-resonant propagating surface plasmon polaritons on large nano-wedges. Furthermore we demonstrate that nano-wedges with a groove cut can support localized as well as propagating plasmons in the same energy range

Mosaic structure in the spines of Holopneustes porossisimus

Sea urchin spines of Holopneustes porossisimus are porous singlecrystals, with the pores being filled with a material rich in carbon,silicon, fluorine and sodium. The magnesian calcite constituting thespine is highly strained. Even though the spines appear to be singlecrystalline on a macroscopic scale, the calcitic material exhibits anextended defect network. We find dislocations as well as rotational andother, not yet identified boundaries. We also observe within spinecalcite a patterned distribution of sulphur. Both distributions, that ofthe defect network and that of sulphur resemble in their pattern to eachother and have a similar mesh size of 50 nm. We conclude from theseobservations that they arise from the growth process of the spine andaccount for the mosaicity within the spine single crystals

Комплекс геофизических исследований в скважинах с целью определения коллекторских свойств продуктивных горизонтов на Мыльджинском нефтегазоконденсатном месторождении (Томская область)

Объектом исследования данной работы является глубокая скважина, проектируемая в зоне распространения промышленно продуктивного горизонта Ю1. Цель работы: проектирование комплекса геофизических исследований в проектной скважине № 123 Мыльджинского месторождения, описание методик проведения работ и характеристика применяемой аппаратуры. Задача данного проекта сводится к обоснованию комплекса геофизических исследований для решения геологических задач. Анализ результатов проведенных геофизических исследований прошлых лет.Myldzhinskoye oil and gas condensate deposit. Aim of work: planning of complex of geophysical researches in a project mining hole № 123 Myldzhinskoye deposit, description of methodologies of realization of works and descriptions of the applied apparatus. The task of this project is taken to the ground of complex of geophysical researches for the decision of geological tasks. During the research, the possibilities of new types of perforation of reservoirs were considered

The release and trans-synaptic transmission of Tau via exosomes

BACKGROUND Tau pathology in AD spreads in a hierarchical pattern, whereby it first appears in the entorhinal cortex, then spreads to the hippocampus and later to the surrounding areas. Based on this sequential appearance, AD can be classified into six stages ("Braak stages"). The mechanisms and agents underlying the progression of Tau pathology are a matter of debate. Emerging evidence indicates that the propagation of Tau pathology may be due to the transmission of Tau protein, but the underlying pathways and Tau species are not well understood. In this study we investigated the question of Tau spreading via small extracellular vesicles called exosomes. METHODS Exosomes from different sources were analyzed by biochemical methods and electron microscopy (EM) and cryo-EM. Microfluidic devices that allow the culture of cell populations in different compartments were used to investigate the spreading of Tau. RESULTS We show that Tau protein is released by cultured primary neurons or by N2a cells overexpressing different Tau constructs via exosomes. Neuron-derived exosomal Tau is hypo-phosphorylated, compared with cytosolic Tau. Depolarization of neurons promotes release of Tau-containing exosomes, highlighting the importance of neuronal activity. Using microfluidic devices we show that exosomes mediate trans-neuronal transfer of Tau depending on synaptic connectivity. Tau spreading is achieved by direct transmission of exosomes between neurons. In organotypic hippocampal slices, Tau-containing exosomes in conditioned medium are taken up by neurons and microglia, not astrocytes. In N2a cells, Tau assemblies are released via exosomes. They can induce inclusions of other Tau molecules in N2a cells expressing mutant human Tau. We also studied exosomes from cerebrospinal fluid in AD and control subjects containing monomeric and oligomeric Tau. Split-luciferase complementation reveals that exosomes from CSF can promote Tau aggregation in cultured cells. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that exosomes contribute to trans-synaptic Tau transmission, and thus offer new approches to control the spreading of pathology in AD and other tauopathies

Inflammatory molecules are cell-to-cell transported by exosomes in the anti-inflammatory human autologous conditioned serum

Background: Local injection of autologous conditioned serum (ACS) is a well-known therapy for inflammatory diseases (IDs). While patients’ blood is incubated to generate ACS (with subsequent centrifugation), immune cells produce high amounts of growth factors and cytokines. This include, amongst others, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), interleukins 6 and 10, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). The aim of this study was to analyse exosomes release into ACS as well as their cytokine cargo

Mesoporosity in Photocatalytically Active Oxynitride Single Crystals

International audienc

Supramolecular aptamer nano-constructs for receptor-mediated targeting and light-triggered release of chemotherapeutics into cancer cells

Effective therapeutic platforms should combine serum stability, selective targeting, and controlled drug release. Here, the authors self-assemble an aptamer-based nanoscaffold that contains separate cell-targeting and photo-regulated drug-carrying domains, realizing multiple therapeutic functionalities in a single construct