Have Pentaquark States Been seen?

The status of the search for pentaquark baryons is reviewed in light of new results from the first two dedicated experiments from CLAS at Jefferson Lab and of new analyses from several laboratories on the $Theta^+(1540)$. Evidence for and against two heavier pentaquark states is also discussed.Comment: Added some references, corrected typo

A Keck Survey of Gravitational Lens Systems: I. Spectroscopy of SBS 0909+532, HST 1411+5211, and CLASS B2319+051

We present new results from a continuing Keck program to study gravitational lens systems. We have obtained redshifts for three lens systems, SBS 0909+532, HST 1411+5211, and CLASS B2319+051. For all of these systems, either the source or lens redshift (or both) has been previously unidentified. We find (z_l, z_s) = (0.830, 1.377) for SBS 0909+532; (z_l, z_s) = (0.465, 2.811) for HST 1411+5211, although the source redshift is still tentative; and (z_l1, z_l2) = (0.624, 0.588) for the two lensing galaxies in CLASS B2319+051. The background radio source in B2319+051 has not been detected optically; its redshift is, therefore, still unknown. We find that the spectral features of the central lensing galaxy in all three systems are typical of an early-type galaxy. The observed image splittings in SBS 0909+532 and HST 1411+5211 imply that the masses within the Einstein ring radii of the lensing galaxies are 1.4 x 10^{11} and 2.0 x 10^{11} h^{-1} M_sun, respectively. The resulting B band mass-to-light ratio for HST 1411+5211 is 41.3 +/- 1.2 h (M/L)_sun, a factor of 5 times higher than the average early-type lensing galaxy. This large mass-to-light is almost certainly the result of the additional mass contribution from the cluster CL 3C295 at z = 0.46. For the lensing galaxy in SBS 0909+532, we measure (M/L)_B = 4^{+11}_{-3} h (M/L)_sun where the large errors are the result of significant uncertainty in the galaxy luminosity. While we cannot measure directly the mass-to-light ratio of the lensing galaxy in B2319+051, we estimate that (M/L)_B is between 3-7 h (M/L)_sun.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomical Journal. 21 pages, including 7 figure

The Evidence for a Pentaquark Signal and Kinematic Reflections

Several recent experiments have reported evidence for a narrow baryon resonance with positive strangeness ($\Theta^+$) at a mass of 1.54 GeV/$c^2$. Baryons with $S=+1$ cannot be conventional $qqq$ states and the reports have thus generated much theoretical speculation about the nature of possible $S=+1$ baryons, including a 5-quark, or pentaquark, interpretation. We show that narrow enhancements in the $K^+n$ effective mass spectrum can be generated as kinematic reflections resulting from the decay of mesons, such as the $f_2(1275)$, the $a_2(1320)$ and the $\rho_3(1690)$.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Energy Calibration of the JLab Bremsstrahlung Tagging System

In this report, we present the energy calibration of the Hall B bremsstrahlung tagging system at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The calibration was performed using a magnetic pair spectrometer. The tagged photon energy spectrum was measured in coincidence with $e^+e^-$ pairs as a function of the pair spectrometer magnetic field. Taking advantage of the internal linearity of the pair spectrometer, the energy of the tagging system was calibrated at the level of $\pm 0.1$. The absolute energy scale was determined using the $e^+e^-$ rate measurements close to the end-point of the photon spectrum. The energy variations across the full tagging range were found to be $<3$ MeV.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figure

Polynomiality of unpolarized off-forward distribution functions and the D-term in the chiral quark-soliton model

Mellin moments of off-forward distribution functions are even polynomials of the skewedness parameter. This constraint, called polynomiality property, follows from Lorentz- and time-reversal invariance. We prove that the unpolarized off-forward distribution functions in the chiral quark-soliton model satisfy the polynomiality property. The proof is an important contribution to the demonstration that the description of off-forward distribution functions in the model is consistent. As a byproduct of the proof we derive explicit model expressions for moments of the D-term and compute the first coefficient in the Gegenbauer expansion for this term.Comment: 18 pages, no figures. Corrections and improvements in section 6. To appear in Phys.Rev.

Exotic baryon multiplets at large number of colours

We generalize the usual octet, decuplet and exotic antidecuplet and higher baryon multiplets to any number of colours Nc. We show that the multiplets fall into a sequence of bands with O(1/Nc) splittings inside the band and O(1)splittings between the bands characterized by "exoticness", that is the number of extra quark-antiquark pairs needed to compose the multiplet. Each time one adds a pair the baryon mass is increased by the same constant which can be interpreted as a mass of a quark-antiquark pair. At the same time, we prove that masses of exotic rotational multiplets are reliably determined at large Nc from collective quantization of chiral solitons.Comment: 13 p., 5 figs. New section and references adde

Effect of side-chain asymmetry on the intermolecular structure and order-disorder transition in alkyl-substituted polyfluorenes

We study relations among the side-chain asymmetry, structure, and order-disorder transition (ODT) in hairy-rod-type poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene) (PF6) with two identical side chains and atactic poly(9-octyl-9-methylfluorene) (PF1-8) with two different side chains per repeat. PF6 and PF1-8 organize into alternating side-chain and backbone layers that transform into an isotropic phase at T-ODT(PF6) and T-bi(ODT)(PF1-8). We interpret polymers in terms of monodisperse and bidisperse brushes and predict scenarios T-ODT <T-bi(ODT) and T-ODT similar to T-bi(ODT) for high and low grafting densities (the side-chain length above or below the average grafting distance). Calorimetry and x-ray scattering indicate the condition T-ODT(PF6) similar to T-bi(ODT)(PF1-8) following the low grafting prediction. PF6 side chains coming from the alternating backbone layers appear as two separate layers with thickness H(PF6), whereas PF1-8 side chains appear as an indistinguishable bilayer with a half thickness H-bilayer(PF1-8)/2 approximate to H(PF6). The low grafting density region is structurally possible but not certain for PF6 and confirmed for PF1-8.Peer reviewe

A fitter code for Deep Virtual Compton Scattering and Generalized Parton Distributions

We have developped a fitting code based on the leading-twist handbag Deep Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) amplitude in order to extract the Generalized Parton Distributions (GPD) information from DVCS observables in the valence region. In a first stage, with simulations and pseudo-data, we show that the full GPD information can be recovered from experimental data if enough observables are measured. If only part of these observables are measured, valuable information can still be extracted, certain observables being particularly sensitive to certain GPDs. In a second stage, we make a practical application of this code to the recent DVCS Jefferson Lab Hall A data from which we can extract numerical constraints for the two $H$ GPD Compton Form Factors.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure

Correlated Strength in Nuclear Spectral Function

We have carried out an (e,e'p) experiment at high momentum transfer and in parallel kinematics to measure the strength of the nuclear spectral function S(k,E) at high nucleon momenta k and large removal energies E. This strength is related to the presence of short-range and tensor correlations, and was known hitherto only indirectly and with considerable uncertainty from the lack of strength in the independent-particle region. This experiment confirms by direct measurement the correlated strength predicted by theory.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. Let