Treatment of lactase deficiency in children’s obesity with genotype C/C 13910 of lactase gene

Introduction: Excess lactose in the diet of modern man causes the development of not only lactase deficiency, but it can be a factor that contributes to obesity. The aim: To study associations between obesity and genotype C/C 13910 of lactase gene (LCT) in children, to investigate the effectiveness of treatment using drug exogenous lactase and a low-lactose diet. Materials and methods: genotyping of lactase gene by real-time polymerase chain reaction, determining the level of lactose maldigestion by hydrogen breath test (HBT), estimating the insulin resistance with the HOMA-IR index in 70 obese children and 40 healthy children 6 - 18 years. Obese children with genotype C/C 13910 and lactose maldigestion (n=40) were randomized in two groups: children from group I (n=20) received an exogenous lactase preparation, and children from group II (n=20) - low-lactose diet. Results: in obese children, the genotype C/C 13910 is 2 times more often than in healthy children. Obese children with genotype C/C 13910 have a significantly higher value of HBT (32.8–39.8 ppm) compared to healthy children (p<0.05), and an increased value of the HOMA-IR index. After treatment, there was a significant decrease in HBT and the HOMA-IR index in the two comparison groups. Conclusions: signs of insulin resistance are observed in children with obesity, genotype C/C 13910 and lactose maldigestion. The use of exogenous lactase in the therapy or the administration of a low-lactose diet cause approximately the same decrease in the HOMA-IR index

Treatment of lactase deficiency in children’s obesity with genotype C/C 13910 of lactase gene

Introduction: Excess lactose in the diet of modern man causes the development of not only lactase deficiency, but it can be a factor that contributes to obesity. The aim: To study associations between obesity and genotype C/C 13910 of lactase gene (LCT) in children, to investigate the effectiveness of treatment using drug exogenous lactase and a low-lactose diet. Materials and methods: genotyping of lactase gene by real-time polymerase chain reaction, determining the level of lactose maldigestion by hydrogen breath test (HBT), estimating the insulin resistance with the HOMA-IR index in 70 obese children and 40 healthy children 6 - 18 years. Obese children with genotype C/C 13910 and lactose maldigestion (n=40) were randomized in two groups: children from group I (n=20) received an exogenous lactase preparation, and children from group II (n=20) - low-lactose diet. Results: in obese children, the genotype C/C 13910 is 2 times more often than in healthy children. Obese children with genotype C/C 13910 have a significantly higher value of HBT (32.8–39.8 ppm) compared to healthy children (p<0.05), and an increased value of the HOMA-IR index. After treatment, there was a significant decrease in HBT and the HOMA-IR index in the two comparison groups. Conclusions: signs of insulin resistance are observed in children with obesity, genotype C/C 13910 and lactose maldigestion. The use of exogenous lactase in the therapy or the administration of a low-lactose diet cause approximately the same decrease in the HOMA-IR index

International Consensus on Guiding Recommendations for Management of Patients with Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs Induced Gastropathy-ICON-G

Introduction: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), one of the most commonly used medications worldwide, are frequently associated with gastrointestinal adverse events. Primary care physicians often face the challenge of achieving adequate pain relief with NSAIDs, while keeping their adverse events to a minimum. This is especially true when long-term use of NSAIDs is required such as in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. To help primary care physicians deal with such challenges more effectively, a panel of expert gastroenterologists came together with the aim of developing practice recommendations. Methods: A modified ‘Delphi’ process was used to reach consensus and develop practice recommendations. Twelve gastroenterologists from nine countries provided their expert inputs to formulate the recommendations. These recommendations were carefully developed taking into account existing literature, current practices, and expert opinion of the panelists. Results: The expert panel developed a total of fifteen practice recommendations. Following are the key recommendations: NSAIDs should be prescribed only when necessary; before prescribing NSAIDs, associated modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors should be considered; H. pylori infection should be considered and treated before initiating NSAIDs; patients should be properly educated regarding NSAIDs use; patients who need to be on long-term NSAIDs should be prescribed a gastroprotective agent, preferably a proton pump inhibitor and these patients should be closely monitored for any untoward adverse events. Conclusion/clinical significance: These practice recommendations will serve as an important tool for primary care physicians and will guide them in making appropriate therapeutic choices for their patients. Keywords: Gastropathy, Gastroprotective agents, Non-prescription drugs, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents, Proton pump inhibitor. How to cite this article: Hunt R, Lazebnik LB, Marakhouski YC, Manuc M, Ramesh GN, Aye KS, Bordin DS, Bakulina NV, Iskakov BS, Khamraev AA, Stepanov YM, Ally R, Garg A. International Consensus on Guiding Recommendations for Management of Patients with Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Induced Gastropathy-ICON-G. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol, 2018;8(2):148-160. Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: Richard Hunt has served as a consultant for INSYS, Dr Reddy's, Takeda, and Novartis. He has received an honorarium from Novartis, Danone, Dr Reddy's, and Takeda. He has been on the speaker's bureau for Takeda and Dr Reddy's and on scientific advisory board for INSYS. Dmitry S Bordin has served as a lecturer for Astellas, AstraZeneca, KRKA and Abbott. For the remaining authors, there are no conflicts of interest

Microarc surface alloying of tool steels

A new method of accelerating of steel diffusion saturation during thermo-chemical treatment – microarc surface alloying is proposed. The steel product is placed in a metal container filled with coal powder, and heated by passing an electric current. Powder having microarcs, which are concentrated around the surface of the product with the formation of zones of local gas discharge. This significantly speeds up the diffusion saturation. After carburizing of steel 20Cr13 is formed a diffusion layer thickness of 13-15 μm microhardness of 10.5 to 12.5 HPa, located below the eutectoid area a thickness of 300 μm and a hardness of 6.5 GPA. After boriding of steel Cr12V1 after standard heat treatment, the surface layer with a thickness of 170-180 μm consists of a base with microhardness of 9.3-9.6 GPA with inclusions of microhardness of 14.5-15.0 GPA. After boriding of steel 5CrNiMo formed a layer thickness of 250-260 μm with a composite structure consisting of sections of the eutectoid structure of microhardness of 7.0-8.0 GPA, surrounded by boride eutectic microhardness 12.0-12.5 GPA. The composite structure provides the combination of very hard boride eutectic and eutectoid plastic mixture. After boriding of steel W6Mo5Co5 after standard heat treatment, the surface layer thickness of 230-240 μm consists of a base of microhardness 11,0-11,2 GPA with inclusions of microhardness 13,5-14,5 GPA. Given the high intensity of diffusion saturation, microarc surface alloying is recommended for surface hardening of tool steels

Microarc surface alloying of tool steels

A new method of accelerating of steel diffusion saturation during thermo-chemical treatment – microarc surface alloying is proposed. The steel product is placed in a metal container filled with coal powder, and heated by passing an electric current. Powder having microarcs, which are concentrated around the surface of the product with the formation of zones of local gas discharge. This significantly speeds up the diffusion saturation. After carburizing of steel 20Cr13 is formed a diffusion layer thickness of 13-15 μm microhardness of 10.5 to 12.5 HPa, located below the eutectoid area a thickness of 300 μm and a hardness of 6.5 GPA. After boriding of steel Cr12V1 after standard heat treatment, the surface layer with a thickness of 170-180 μm consists of a base with microhardness of 9.3-9.6 GPA with inclusions of microhardness of 14.5-15.0 GPA. After boriding of steel 5CrNiMo formed a layer thickness of 250-260 μm with a composite structure consisting of sections of the eutectoid structure of microhardness of 7.0-8.0 GPA, surrounded by boride eutectic microhardness 12.0-12.5 GPA. The composite structure provides the combination of very hard boride eutectic and eutectoid plastic mixture. After boriding of steel W6Mo5Co5 after standard heat treatment, the surface layer thickness of 230-240 μm consists of a base of microhardness 11,0-11,2 GPA with inclusions of microhardness 13,5-14,5 GPA. Given the high intensity of diffusion saturation, microarc surface alloying is recommended for surface hardening of tool steels

Electrocatalytic multicomponent transformation of cyclic 1,3-diketones, isatins, and malononitrile : facile and convenient way to functionalized spirocyclic (5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene)-4,3′-oxindole system

An electrochemically induced catalytic multicomponent transformation of cyclic 1,3-diketones, isatins, and malononitrile in alcohols in an undivided cell in the presence of sodium bromide as an electrolyte results in the formation of spirooxindoles with fused functionalized 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene system in 83-98% yields. The application of this efficient electrocatalytic method to the formation of medicinally relevant spirocyclic (4H-chromene)-4,3′-oxindoles is beneficial from the viewpoint of diversity-oriented large-scale processes and represents novel, facile, and environmentally benign synthetic concept for multicomponent reaction strategy

Tracking the Footprints of Spin Fluctuations: A MultiMethod, MultiMessenger Study of the Two-Dimensional Hubbard Model

The Hubbard model represents the fundamental model for interacting quantum systems and electronic correlations. Using the two-dimensional half-filled Hubbard model at weak coupling as a testing ground, we perform a comparative study of a comprehensive set of state-of-the-art quantum many-body methods. Upon cooling into its insulating antiferromagnetic ground state, the model hosts a rich sequence of distinct physical regimes with crossovers between a high-temperature incoherent regime, an intermediate-temperature metallic regime, and a low-temperature insulating regime with a pseudogap created by antiferromagnetic fluctuations. We assess the ability of each method to properly address these physical regimes and crossovers through the computation of several observables probing both quasiparticle properties and magnetic correlations, with two numerically exact methods (diagrammatic and determinantal quantum Monte Carlo methods) serving as a benchmark. By combining computational results and analytical insights, we elucidate the nature and role of spin fluctuations in each of these regimes. Based on this analysis, we explain how quasiparticles can coexist with increasingly long-range antiferromagnetic correlations and why dynamical mean-field theory is found to provide a remarkably accurate approximation of local quantities in the metallic regime. We also critically discuss whether imaginary-time methods are able to capture the non-Fermi-liquid singularities of this fully nested system