DNA-SIP based genome-centric metagenomics identifies key long-chain fatty acid-degrading populations in anaerobic digesters with different feeding frequencies

Fats, oils and greases (FOG) are energy-dense wastes that can be added to anaerobic digesters to substantially increase biomethane recovery via their conversion through long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). However, a better understanding of the ecophysiology of syntrophic LCFA-degrading microbial communities in anaerobic digesters is needed to develop operating strategies that mitigate inhibitory LCFA accumulation from FOG. In this research, DNA stable isotope probing (SIP) was coupled with metagenomic sequencing for a genome-centric comparison of oleate (C 18:1)-degrading populations in two anaerobic codigesters operated with either a pulse feeding or continuous-feeding strategy. The pulse-fed codigester microcosms converted oleate into methane at over 20% higher rates than the continuous-fed codigester microcosms. Differential coverage binning was demonstrated for the first time to recover population genome bins (GBs) from DNA-SIP metagenomes. About 70% of the 13 C-enriched GBs were taxonomically assigned to the Syntrophomonas genus, thus substantiating the importance of Syntrophomonas species to LCFA degradation in anaerobic digesters. Phylogenetic comparisons of 13 C-enriched GBs showed that phylogenetically distinct Syntrophomonas GBs were unique to each codigester. Overall, these results suggest that syntrophic populations in anaerobic digesters can have different adaptive capacities, and that selection for divergent populations may be achieved by adjusting reactor operating conditions to maximize biomethane recovery

Remoção biológica de fósforo em reatores em bateladas sequenciais com diferentes tempos de retenção de sólidos Biological phosphorus removal in sequencing batch reactors with different solid retention times

Nos últimos anos, tem surgido a necessidade de se projetarem sistemas de tratamento de águas residuárias que, além de remover carga orgânica, sejam capazes de remover nutrientes, particularmente nitrogênio e fósforo. Este trabalho avaliou a remoção biológica de fósforo em sistemas de lodo ativado, tratando esgoto doméstico por meio de reatores em bateladas sequenciais (RBS), monitorado com diferentes tempos de retenção celular (TRC): 20, 5 e 3 dias. Esses experimentos foram avaliados em escala de bancada com o uso da respirometria, utilizando-se acetato como fonte de carbono orgânico. Os resultados mostraram satisfatória remoção de fósforo total nos três experimentos, com valores médios entre 79 a 82%, sendo que o sistema RBS que operou com TRC de cinco dias obteve resultados melhores.<br>In recent years, there has been an increasing need to design wastewater treatment systems that are capable of removing both organic material and nutrients, notably nitrogen and phosphorus. This study evaluated biological phosphorus removal by activated sludge systems fed with domestic sewage and operating as sequencing batch reactors (SBR) with different solids retention times (SRT) namely 20, 5 and 3 days. This was supported by respirometry experiments at bench scale using acetate as the source of organic carbon. The results showed satisfactory total phosphorus removal efficiencies mean values between 79-82% for the three regimes with the best removal efficiency occurring in the SBR operating with a five-day SRT