V Санкт-Петербургский венозный форум. Диагностика и лечение острых венозных тромбозов и хронической венозной недостаточности (С3-С6) (г. Санкт-Петербург, 7 декабря 2012 г.)

ТРОМБОЗ ВЕНОЗНЫЙВЕНОЗНАЯ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТ

Take away engångsartiklar - Nya affärsmodeller för att minska avfallet från engångs take-away-artiklar

Trenden att förtära mat och dryck i take-away engångsförpackningar ökar och med det avfall från engångsartiklar. Den här rapporten undersöker vilka nya affärsmodeller som kan underlätta en minskning av användandet av take-away engångsförpackningar samt hur hyresvärdar kan påverka restauranghyresgäster i samma riktning

Biologiskt avfall från livsmedelsbutiker – faktorer för returer till grossist : Deluppdrag inom uppdraget för avfallsstatistikproduktion till Waste Statistics Rgulation – WStatR 2008

Arbetet har genomförts genom kontakter med de stora livsmedelskedjorna och deras grossister. Tyvärr har det visat sig svårt att få fram dessa uppgifter. I många fall tar butiken själv ansvar för allt avfall /returer och då har man ingen uppfattning centralt om mängder etc. Då det har bedömts som en orimlig uppgift att ringa runt till en tillräckligt stor mängd butiker för att få ett bra underlag grundar sig slutsat-serna på de underlag som gått att få fram via de centrala organisationerna. Det har visat sig att mejerivaror (mjölk, fil och till viss del yoghurt samt en del annat) och bröd är det som är vanligast som retur. Dessa varor skickas tillbaka till den tillverkande industrin där de returnerade varorna (avfallet) genomgår samma behandling som avfallet som kommer direkt från industrin (mycket används som djurfoder). Till livsmedelsindustrin skickas det ut enkäter (inom Industriavfallsun-dersökningen) och många av dem som har svarat har inkluderat returmängderna i sina svar. SMED föreslår därför (och med stöd i det faktum att avfall som regel ses som uppkommet i den bransch som överlämnar det till avfallssystemet) att detta avfall ska ses som uppkommet i livsmedelsindustrin. Endast en grossist har kunnat leverera data om andra returer. Dessa data ligger till grund för en faktor om 0.0226 * 10-6 ton returer per kr i omsättning. Vilket för Sverige totalt skulle ge en mängd på 4106 ton returer för 2006. Den faktor som räknats fram har tagits från säker källa, men kan eventuellt ifråga-sättas kvalitetsmässigt med tanke på att den baseras på svar från endast en av de fem stora grossisterna.The work has been implemented by taking contact with the big foodstuff chains and their wholesalers. Unfortunately, it has been difficult to get access to this in-formation. In many cases, the food store alone takes responsibilities for all wastes /returns with the effect that the central organisation has no control over these fig-ures. Since it has been considered an unreasonable task to contact a sufficient amount of shops the conclusions are based on the facts from the central organisa-tions. The dairy products (milk, yogurt and other) and bread are the most common prod-ucts to be returned. These are returned directly to the producing industry where the products are sent along with wastes directly from the industry to the same type of treatment/use (a lot is used as animal feeds). Surveys are sent to the food industry (within the project NACE CD) and many of those that have replied have included these quantities in their replies. SMED therefore suggests, (supported by the fact that waste, as a rule, is to be seen as generated in the sector that submits it to the waste system) that this waste will be considered as generated in the food industry. Only one wholesaler has been able to deliver data about other returns. These fig-ures can be used to calculate a factor for other returns; 0.0226*10-6 tonnes returns per SEK in turnover. For Sweden, this would in total amount to 4106 tonnes re-turns for 2006. The factor calculated for the returns comes from trustful sources, but could be doubtful from a quality point of view since it has been based on an answer from only one of the five large wholesaler

Biologiskt avfall från livsmedelsbutiker – faktorer för returer till grossist : Deluppdrag inom uppdraget för avfallsstatistikproduktion till Waste Statistics Rgulation – WStatR 2008

Arbetet har genomförts genom kontakter med de stora livsmedelskedjorna och deras grossister. Tyvärr har det visat sig svårt att få fram dessa uppgifter. I många fall tar butiken själv ansvar för allt avfall /returer och då har man ingen uppfattning centralt om mängder etc. Då det har bedömts som en orimlig uppgift att ringa runt till en tillräckligt stor mängd butiker för att få ett bra underlag grundar sig slutsat-serna på de underlag som gått att få fram via de centrala organisationerna. Det har visat sig att mejerivaror (mjölk, fil och till viss del yoghurt samt en del annat) och bröd är det som är vanligast som retur. Dessa varor skickas tillbaka till den tillverkande industrin där de returnerade varorna (avfallet) genomgår samma behandling som avfallet som kommer direkt från industrin (mycket används som djurfoder). Till livsmedelsindustrin skickas det ut enkäter (inom Industriavfallsun-dersökningen) och många av dem som har svarat har inkluderat returmängderna i sina svar. SMED föreslår därför (och med stöd i det faktum att avfall som regel ses som uppkommet i den bransch som överlämnar det till avfallssystemet) att detta avfall ska ses som uppkommet i livsmedelsindustrin. Endast en grossist har kunnat leverera data om andra returer. Dessa data ligger till grund för en faktor om 0.0226 * 10-6 ton returer per kr i omsättning. Vilket för Sverige totalt skulle ge en mängd på 4106 ton returer för 2006. Den faktor som räknats fram har tagits från säker källa, men kan eventuellt ifråga-sättas kvalitetsmässigt med tanke på att den baseras på svar från endast en av de fem stora grossisterna.The work has been implemented by taking contact with the big foodstuff chains and their wholesalers. Unfortunately, it has been difficult to get access to this in-formation. In many cases, the food store alone takes responsibilities for all wastes /returns with the effect that the central organisation has no control over these fig-ures. Since it has been considered an unreasonable task to contact a sufficient amount of shops the conclusions are based on the facts from the central organisa-tions. The dairy products (milk, yogurt and other) and bread are the most common prod-ucts to be returned. These are returned directly to the producing industry where the products are sent along with wastes directly from the industry to the same type of treatment/use (a lot is used as animal feeds). Surveys are sent to the food industry (within the project NACE CD) and many of those that have replied have included these quantities in their replies. SMED therefore suggests, (supported by the fact that waste, as a rule, is to be seen as generated in the sector that submits it to the waste system) that this waste will be considered as generated in the food industry. Only one wholesaler has been able to deliver data about other returns. These fig-ures can be used to calculate a factor for other returns; 0.0226*10-6 tonnes returns per SEK in turnover. For Sweden, this would in total amount to 4106 tonnes re-turns for 2006. The factor calculated for the returns comes from trustful sources, but could be doubtful from a quality point of view since it has been based on an answer from only one of the five large wholesaler

The total waste of products – a study on waste footprint and climate cost

Except from the waste that results as a produced is used and discarded, waste is generated during production of the product itself. Consumers may have difficulties to in realizing the full extent of the impact that their consumption behaviors have on the environment as they only see the waste generated in the household. Without comprehensive information about the lifecycle impacts of goods, consumers cannot adopt consistent sustainable conducts. In this study we developed a waste footprint metric in order to improve understanding and awareness of consumers about the total waste generated in the course of producing the goods they consume. We calculated the waste footprint of 11 products and estimated the climate cost due to the greenhouse gas emissions related to the production processes. The consumer goods assessed were chicken and beef, an electric drill, a laptop computer, a liter of milk, a pair of trousers, a pair of leather shoes, a smart phone, training clothes (a T-shirt and a pair of shorts in polyester), carton milk packaging and a newspaper. The results demonstrate that there are great environmental benefits by producing less consumer goods and use the products more efficiently because only then it is possible to reduce the overall waste footprint from our consumption. We thus argue for the importance of changing consumption patterns, and advocate for novel business models based on a use-oriented consumption (sharing and reusing) that encourage different ways of consuming and more sustainable life styles. Den här rapporten är på engelska. För svensk version, läs B2244.Except from the waste that results as a produced is used and discarded, waste is generated during production of the product itself. Consumers may have difficulties to in realizing the full extent of the impact that their consumption behaviors have on the environment as they only see the waste generated in the household. Without comprehensive information about the lifecycle impacts of goods, consumers cannot adopt consistent sustainable conducts. In this study we developed a waste footprint metric in order to improve understanding and awareness of consumers about the total waste generated in the course of producing the goods they consume. We calculated the waste footprint of 11 products and estimated the climate cost due to the greenhouse gas emissions related to the production processes. The consumer goods assessed were chicken and beef, an electric drill, a laptop computer, a liter of milk, a pair of trousers, a pair of leather shoes, a smart phone, training clothes (a T-shirt and a pair of shorts in polyester), carton milk packaging and a newspaper. The results demonstrate that there are great environmental benefits by producing less consumer goods and use the products more efficiently because only then it is possible to reduce the overall waste footprint from our consumption. We thus argue for the importance of changing consumption patterns, and advocate for novel business models based on a use-oriented consumption (sharing and reusing) that encourage different ways of consuming and more sustainable life styles.In this study we developed a waste footprint metric in order to improve understanding and awareness of consumers about the total waste generated in the course of producing the goods they consume

Produkters totala avfall - studie om avfallsfotavtryck och klimatkostnad

Förutom det avfall som uppstår då en förbrukad produkt slängs, så uppstår avfall under tillverkningen av produkten. Konsumenter kan ha svårt att se den totala påverkan som deras konsumtionsbeteenden har på miljön eftersom de direkt bara kan se det avfall som uppkommer hos dem själva när de slänger sina uttjänta produkter. Utan någon mer detaljerad information om olika produkters totala miljöpåverkan, är det svårt för konsumenter att ändra sina beteenden till mer konsekvent hållbara. I denna studie har vi utvecklat en metod för att beräkna produkters avfallsfotavtryck med syfte att förbättra kunskapen och medvetenheten hos konsumenter om den totala mängden avfall som uppkommer i samband med produktionen av de produkter som de konsumerar. For an English version, read report B2244E.I denna studie har vi utvecklat en metod för att beräkna produkters avfallsfotavtryck med syfte att förbättra kunskapen och medvetenheten hos konsumenter om den totala mängden avfall som uppkommer i samband med produktionen av de produkter som de konsumerar

Food Redistribution in the Nordic Region - Phase II: Identification of best practice models for enhanced food redistribution

Food waste reduction is an area of growing importance among the Nordic governments as well as at the EU level. The Nordic Council of Ministers has published several reports in recent years as part of the Green Growth Program, showing the amounts of food wasted and proposing technical and organizational solutions to the problems of food waste. Based on previous work done in the Nordic Food Redistribution Project, this report investigates best practice models among donors, receivers and authorities and proposes concrete steps towards safe and comprehensive systems for food redistribution through food banks and direct redistribution. This report summarizes results from phase II in the Nordic project on food redistribution through food banks and direct redistribution (referred to as the Nordic food redistribution project). The project is initiated by the Nordic Council of Ministers through the Green Growth program and financed by the Food and Agriculture program. The Green Growth program aims at greening the Nordic economies through eight prioritized areas, one of which is to develop techniques and methods for waste treatment. Viewing food redistribution as a method for reducing food waste, the food redistribution project falls within the scope of this prioritized area.This report summarizes experiences and results from Phase II of the Nordic Food Redistribution Project. The project was initiated by the Nordic Council of Ministers as part of the Nordic Prime Ministers’ green growth initiative, “The Nordic Region – leading in green growth”, with budget from the Food and Agriculture program. Den här rapporten finns endast på engelska

Report on estimates of European food waste levels

Food waste is an issue of importance to global food security and good environmental governance, directly linked with environmental, economic and social impacts. Different studies show that between 1/3 and 1/2 of the world food production is not consumed, leading to negative impacts throughout the food supply chain including households. There is a pressing need to prevent and reduce food waste to make the transition to a resource efficient Europe. The collection and analysis of data from across Europe for this study generated an estimate of food waste in the EU-28 of 88 million tonnes.This estimate is for 2012 and includes both edible food and inedible parts associated with food. This equates to 173 kilograms of food waste per person in the EU-28. The total amounts of food produced in EU for 2011 were around 865 kg / person , this would mean that in total we are wasting 20 percent of the total food produced. The sectors contributing the most to food waste are households (47 million tonnes ± 4 million tonnes) and processing (17 million tonnes ± 13 million tonnes). These two sectors account for 72 percent of EU food waste, although there is considerable uncertainty around the estimate for the processing sector compared to all the other sectors. This is due to only four MS providing information of sufficiently high quality. In addition the differences in the normalized food waste amounts between the countries were great. Of the remaining 28 percent of food waste 11 million tonnes (12%) comes from food service, 9 million tonnes (10%) comes from primary production and 5 million tonnes (5%) comes from wholesale and retail.The report presents estimates for food waste arisings in the EU-28. Estimates of food waste were sought for 2013. However, in most cases such recent information was not available and most estimates were for 2012 or earlier. Therefore, the estimates produced are most closely aligned to 2012. In some cases newer information has been used as well