14 research outputs found

    Additives on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of rice straw

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    The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of mineral and protein-energy (MPES), exogenous fibrolytic enzyme supplements (ES), combination of MPES + ES, and straw without supplement (WS) on digestibility, fermentation kinetic parameters, cumulative gas production, methane, CO2 production, and volatile fatty acid concentration of rice straw of low and high nutritional value, estimated by in vitro techniques. The experimental design was randomized and factorial 2 × 4: two straws (low and high nutritional value) incubated with four supplements (MPES, ES, MPES + ES, and WS) and their interactions. Four experimental periods were used, totaling four replications per treatment over time. Data were analyzed by PROC MIXED of SAS. The in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibilities of the rice straw with high nutritional value was improved by MPES, while the combination of MPES + ES supplements inhibited the digestibility of this straw. Dietary carbohydrate and nitrogen increased through MPES and MPES + ES supplements resulted in an increase in NH3-N concentration and a decrease in CO2 production due to the microbial mass formation. However, this increase was not enough to improve organic matter degradability parameters, cummulative gas production, gas production kinetics, and acetate:propionate ratio and reduce methane emissions. The straw with high nutritional value showed greater content of nitrogen fraction a, effective degradability, cummulative gas production, and methane and CO2 productions comparing with low-nutritional value straw. The use of MPES and MPES + ES supplements can be used as strategy to mitigate CO2 in ruminant production systems that use rice straw

    Nutritional value of baled rice straw for ruminant feed

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    The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of cultivation and hay making factors on chemical composition, protein fractionation, and digestibility in rice straw, as well as to identify the chemical fractions that contribute to the variation in its nutritional value for ruminants. Statistical procedures were performed in a model that included rice crop cycle, sowing season, baling season, soil classification, fertilizer application, and productivity (kg/ha) as fixed effects and the hay bale as random effect. Chemical composition, protein fractionation, and digestibility data were subjected to multivariate analyses including factor, cluster, and discriminant. Considering the cultivation and haymaking factors, development cycle, baling season, and grain production explained the most variation in the rice straw nutritional value. Straws derived from early maturing cultivars showed the lowest levels of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, and C nitrogen fraction in comparison with straw originating from mid cycle cultivars. Rice straw from more productive cultivars had lower levels of lignin and C fraction as well as higher levels of crude protein and B3 fraction compared with straws from less productive cultivars. However, the main variation in the nutritional value between the samples of rice straw was related to the baling season. The bailing seasons were grouped in two clusters. Straws with better nutritional value were those with lower levels of cell wall fractions, from more productive crops, with early development cycle and baled until March. Rice crop cycle, baling season, and grain production effects explain the variation in the nutritional value of rice straws. Straws with better nutritional value have lower levels of fractions related to secondary cell wall and lignification

    Compostos de plantas como moduladores da fermentação ruminal em ovinos recebendo dieta com alto teor de concentrado

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    O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes compostos de plantas com capacidade antimicrobiana comprovada, como aditivos moduladores da fermentação ruminal e suas eventuais consequências, para ovinos recebendo dieta com alto teor de concentrado. Foram realizados dois experimentos, tendo como objetivo no primeiro experimento avaliar compostos secundários de plantas presentes em óleos essenciais em substituição a monensina sódica como modificadores da fermentação ruminal in vitro. Foi adotado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 9 tratamentos e 4 repetições, sendo os tratamentos utilizados: controle, monensina sódica (MON), óleo de alho (ALH), óleo de canela (CAN), óleo de cravo (CRA), óleo de hortelã-pimenta (HOR), óleo de junipero (JUN), óleo de laranja amarga (LAR), e óleo de melaleuca (MEL). Utilizou-se a técnica in vitro de produção de gás, onde as coletas foram realizadas nos horários 4, 8, 12 e 24 horas após a incubação. A produção de gás foi alterada (P<0,001) para os tratamentos MON, CAN e CRA Os tratamentos ALH e CAN foram capazes de reduzir a digestibilidade da matéria orgânica em 20 e 26% em relação ao tratamento controle. A redução da produção de metano em relação ao tratamento controle foi de: 54%, 76%, 90%, 72%, 32%, 60%, 44% e 47%; respectivamente para MON, ALH, CAN, CRA, HOR, JUN, LAR, MEL (P<0,001). A concentração de N-NH3 foi reduzida drasticamente (P<0,001) em todos os tratamentos em relação ao tratamento controle e os óleos de CRA e HOR aumentaram o pH. No experimento 2 objetivou-se avaliar o uso de extratos de plantas como moduladores da fermentação ruminal e suas alterações na resposta produtivas para cordeiros confinados recebendo dieta com alto teor de concentrado. Foi adotado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e três repetições, sendo os tratamentos: Controle (CON), Óleo de cártamo (CAR), Óleo de borragem (BOR) e Óleo de gergelim (GER). Foram usados 16 ovinos machos Ile de France, castrados, com cinco meses de idade e peso vivo médio inicial de 21,68+2,00 kg. Cada animal recebeu 1 Ml/dia de óleo. Os parâmetros de ganho médio diário (GMD) não foram alterados, tendo como média para os tratamentos que ganhavam óleo 198g/dia (P=0,96) Houve influência no consumo de nutrientes (P=0,03), sendo que o tratamento BOR apresentou maior consumo de matéria seca, proteína, fibra e energia em relação ao tratamento CON. A produção de metano/animal/dia em gramas foi reduzida (P=0,01) em 23% em relação ao tratamento CON no tratamento GER, e com uma tendência de redução nos outros tratamentos que receberam óleo, principalmente no tratamento CAR. Ocorreram diferenças significativas no comportamento ingestivo para os períodos, nos parâmetros de alimentação, tempo de mastigação total e ócio (P<0,001). Os óleos essenciais testados in vitro no experimento 1, excluindo o ALH e CAN, na dosagem de 1Ml/l de solução foram eficientes na redução do metano e da amônia sem alterar a digestibilidade da matéria orgânica. O BOR adicionado a uma dieta de alto concentrado para ovinos aumentou o consumo de matéria seca em 5%. O GER reduziu em 23% a produção diária de metano, sem afetar o desempenho, a digestibilidade, os parâmetros fermentativos e o comportamento dos animais.The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of plant compounds with proven antimicrobial properties to modify the in vitro and in vivo ruminal fermentation, and their implications on sheep fed high concentrate diets. One experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of secondary plant compounds present in essential oils in replacement of monensin on in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters. It was adopted a completely randomized design with nine treatments and four replicates. The treatments were: control (CON), monensin (MON), garlic oil (ALH), cinnamon oil (CAN), clove oil (CRA), mint oil (HOR), juniper oil (JUN), bitter orange oil (LAR), and melaleuca oil (MEL). The in vitro gas technique was used to record total gas production at 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after incubation. MON, CAN and CRA increased gas production. Garlic and cinnamon were able to reduce the digestibility of organic matter in 20 and 26% in relation to the control treatment. Methane production reduced (P <0.001) in 54, 76, 90, 72, 32, 60, 44 and 47% for MON, ALH, CAN, CRA, HOR, JUN, LAR and MEL, respectively. The N-NH3 concentration was dramatically reduced (P <0.001) with all additives and CRA and HOR increased the pH. In the experiment 2, the objective was to evaluate the effect of plants extracts on ruminal fermentation, performance and behavior of growing lamb fed high concentrate diets. It was adopted a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates. Treatments were: Control (CON), Sunflower oil (CAR), Borage oil (BOR) and Sesame oil (GER). Sixteen male Ile de France sheep, castrated, with five months of age and average initial live weight of 21.68 +2.00 kg were used. Each animal received 1 Ml d-1 of oil. The average daily gain (ADG) was of 198 g d-1 with no differences between treatments (P < 0.96). Nutrient intake was significantly affected (P = 0.03). BOR animals had higher DM, protein, fiber and energy intake in relation to the CON and GER reduced methane production (g animal d-1; P = 0.01) by 23% in relation to the NR. Emissions in other additives showed a tendency of reduction, especially CAR. Total chewing time and leisure time differed between periods (P <0.001). The essential oils tested in vitro in experiment 1, excluding ALH and CAN, at the dosage of 1 Ml / l solution were efficient in the reduction of methane and ammonia without altering the digestibility of the organic matter. BOR added to a high concentrate diet for sheep was able to increase dry matter intake by 5%. GER was able to reduce daily production of methane by 23%, without altering the performance, digestibility, fermentative parameters of the animals and animal behavior

    Performance of lambs on estival pasture supplemented with different protein sources

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    Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de cordeiros suplementados a campo com diferentes fontes proteicas em pastagem de sorgo forrageiro. O trabalho foi conduzido em uma área experimental do Secretariado Uruguayo de la Lana (SUL), localizado em Cerro Colorado – Uruguai. O período experimental foi realizado de 11/01/2012 até 09/04/2012, perfazendo um total de 89 dias. Utilizou-se o sorgo forrageiro Nutritop (bmr, fotossensitívo), semeado em 14 de novembro de 2011, com espaçamento entrelinhas de 17 cm. Foram utilizados 75 cordeiros testes cruza Poll Dorset com Corriedale, nascidos na primavera de 2011 (aproximadamente 60 dias de vida). Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em 15 grupos, onde foram distribuídos 5 animais por tratamento, que possuía três repetições de campo, totalizando 15 animais por tratamento. Os tratamentos foram: controle (CON), farelo de soja peletizado (FSP), grão de ervilha (GE), bloco proteico sem tanino (BPS), bloco proteico com tanino (BPT). Cada animal recebia 100g de proteína bruta de cada suplemento. Para análise estatística dos dados, foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e três repetições. O tratamento que apresentou o maior ganho de peso médio final foi a FSP (34,5 kg), sendo superior em 6,7 kg quando comparado ao tratamento CON. O ganho médio diário (GMD) ficou na média de 121,6 gramas dia, sendo que a suplementação proteica resultou em alta eficiência quando comparado ao tratamento CON com um ganho médio de apenas 73 gramas ao dia por animal. O ganho de peso por hectare (GH) entre os tratamentos que recebiam suplementação proteica variou de 700 kg/PV/ha (GE) para 878 kg/PV/ha (FSP), já o tratamento CON produziu apenas 429 kg/PV/ha (P>0,05). A renda líquida foi de: 1755, 2581, 1628, 1589 e 1544 dólares/hectare; correspondente aos tratamentos: CON, FSP, GE, BPS e BPT. Com esses resultados somente o uso de suplementação com FSP é viável, por demonstrar superioridade ao tratamento CON (U826amais).Arespostaasuplementac\ca~ocomFSPfoimaiseficiente,devendoseravaliadasasrespostasaquantidadescrescentesemcadaumdossuplementosutilizados,demaneiraaotimizarassuascaracterıˊsticas.Thisstudyaimedtoevaluatetheperformanceoflambssupplementedwithdifferentproteinsourcesonsorghumpasture.TheworkwasconductedinanexperimentalareaoftheSecretariadoUruguayodeLaLana(SUL),locatedinCerroColoradoUruguay.Thetrialwasconductedfrom11/01/2012to09/04/2012,totaling89days.ItwasusedthesorghumNutritop(bmr,photosensitive),seededonNovember2011,withrowspacingof17cm.Atotalof75testingPollDorsetlambscrosseswithCorriedalewasused.Thelambswereborninthespringof2011(approximately60daysofage).Theanimalswererandomlydividedinto15groups,whichweredistributed5animalspertreatment,whichhadthreereplicationsinthefield,totaling15animalsbytreatment.Thetreatmentswere:control(CON),pelletedsoybeanmeal(PSM),peagrain(PG),proteinblockwithouttannin(PBS)andproteinblockwithtannin(BPT).Eachanimalreceived100gofcrudeproteinfromeachsupplement.Forstatisticalanalysis,weadoptedthecompletelyrandomizeddesignwithfivetreatmentsandthreereplications.ThetreatmentthatshowedthegreatestaverageweightgainwasthePSM(34.5kg),higher6.7kgcomparedtoCONtreatment.Theaveragedailygain(ADG)wasonaverage121.6gramsperday,beingthatproteinsupplementationsresultedinhighefficiencywhencomparedtotheCONtreatmentthatshowedanaveragegainofonly73gramsperanimalperday(P<0,05).Theweightgainperhectare(GH)betweentreatmentsreceivingproteinsupplementationrangedfrom700kg/LW/ha(PG)to878kg/LW/ha(PSM)(P<0,05),althoughthetreatmentCONproducedonly429kg/LW/ha(P<0,05).Netincomewas:1755,2581,1628,1589and1,544dollars/hectare,correspondingtotreatments:CON,PSM,PG,PBSandPBT.WiththeseresultsusingonlysupplementationwithPSMisfeasible,fordemonstratingsuperioritytotreatmentCON(US 826 a mais). A resposta a suplementação com FSP foi mais eficiente, devendo ser avaliadas as respostas a quantidades crescentes em cada um dos suplementos utilizados, de maneira a otimizar as suas características.This study aimed to evaluate the performance of lambs supplemented with different protein sources on sorghum pasture. The work was conducted in an experimental area of the Secretariado Uruguayo de La Lana (SUL), located in Cerro Colorado - Uruguay. The trial was conducted from 11/01/2012 to 09/04/2012, totaling 89 days. It was used the sorghum Nutritop (bmr, photosensitive), seeded on November 2011, with row spacing of 17 cm. A total of 75 testing Poll Dorset lambs crosses with Corriedale was used. The lambs were born in the spring of 2011 (approximately 60 days of age). The animals were randomly divided into 15 groups, which were distributed 5 animals per treatment, which had three replications in the field, totaling 15 animals by treatment. The treatments were: control (CON), pelleted soybean meal (PSM), pea grain (PG), protein block without tannin (PBS) and protein block with tannin (BPT). Each animal received 100g of crude protein from each supplement. For statistical analysis, we adopted the completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. The treatment that showed the greatest average weight gain was the PSM (34.5 kg), higher 6.7 kg compared to CON treatment. The average daily gain (ADG) was on average 121.6 grams per day, being that protein supplementations resulted in high efficiency when compared to the CON treatment that showed an average gain of only 73 grams per animal per day (P<0,05). The weight gain per hectare (GH) between treatments receiving protein supplementation ranged from 700 kg/LW/ha (PG) to 878 kg / LW / ha (PSM) (P<0,05), although the treatment CON produced only 429 kg/LW/ha (P<0,05). Net income was: 1755, 2581, 1628, 1589 and 1,544 dollars/hectare, corresponding to treatments: CON, PSM, PG, PBS and PBT. With these results using only supplementation with PSM is feasible, for demonstrating superiority to treatment CON (US 826 more). The response to supplementation with PSM was more efficient, however should be evaluated responses to increasing amounts in each of the supplements used in order to optimize its characteristics

    Compostos de plantas como moduladores da fermentação ruminal em ovinos recebendo dieta com alto teor de concentrado

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    O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes compostos de plantas com capacidade antimicrobiana comprovada, como aditivos moduladores da fermentação ruminal e suas eventuais consequências, para ovinos recebendo dieta com alto teor de concentrado. Foram realizados dois experimentos, tendo como objetivo no primeiro experimento avaliar compostos secundários de plantas presentes em óleos essenciais em substituição a monensina sódica como modificadores da fermentação ruminal in vitro. Foi adotado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 9 tratamentos e 4 repetições, sendo os tratamentos utilizados: controle, monensina sódica (MON), óleo de alho (ALH), óleo de canela (CAN), óleo de cravo (CRA), óleo de hortelã-pimenta (HOR), óleo de junipero (JUN), óleo de laranja amarga (LAR), e óleo de melaleuca (MEL). Utilizou-se a técnica in vitro de produção de gás, onde as coletas foram realizadas nos horários 4, 8, 12 e 24 horas após a incubação. A produção de gás foi alterada (P<0,001) para os tratamentos MON, CAN e CRA Os tratamentos ALH e CAN foram capazes de reduzir a digestibilidade da matéria orgânica em 20 e 26% em relação ao tratamento controle. A redução da produção de metano em relação ao tratamento controle foi de: 54%, 76%, 90%, 72%, 32%, 60%, 44% e 47%; respectivamente para MON, ALH, CAN, CRA, HOR, JUN, LAR, MEL (P<0,001). A concentração de N-NH3 foi reduzida drasticamente (P<0,001) em todos os tratamentos em relação ao tratamento controle e os óleos de CRA e HOR aumentaram o pH. No experimento 2 objetivou-se avaliar o uso de extratos de plantas como moduladores da fermentação ruminal e suas alterações na resposta produtivas para cordeiros confinados recebendo dieta com alto teor de concentrado. Foi adotado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e três repetições, sendo os tratamentos: Controle (CON), Óleo de cártamo (CAR), Óleo de borragem (BOR) e Óleo de gergelim (GER). Foram usados 16 ovinos machos Ile de France, castrados, com cinco meses de idade e peso vivo médio inicial de 21,68+2,00 kg. Cada animal recebeu 1 Ml/dia de óleo. Os parâmetros de ganho médio diário (GMD) não foram alterados, tendo como média para os tratamentos que ganhavam óleo 198g/dia (P=0,96) Houve influência no consumo de nutrientes (P=0,03), sendo que o tratamento BOR apresentou maior consumo de matéria seca, proteína, fibra e energia em relação ao tratamento CON. A produção de metano/animal/dia em gramas foi reduzida (P=0,01) em 23% em relação ao tratamento CON no tratamento GER, e com uma tendência de redução nos outros tratamentos que receberam óleo, principalmente no tratamento CAR. Ocorreram diferenças significativas no comportamento ingestivo para os períodos, nos parâmetros de alimentação, tempo de mastigação total e ócio (P<0,001). Os óleos essenciais testados in vitro no experimento 1, excluindo o ALH e CAN, na dosagem de 1Ml/l de solução foram eficientes na redução do metano e da amônia sem alterar a digestibilidade da matéria orgânica. O BOR adicionado a uma dieta de alto concentrado para ovinos aumentou o consumo de matéria seca em 5%. O GER reduziu em 23% a produção diária de metano, sem afetar o desempenho, a digestibilidade, os parâmetros fermentativos e o comportamento dos animais.The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of plant compounds with proven antimicrobial properties to modify the in vitro and in vivo ruminal fermentation, and their implications on sheep fed high concentrate diets. One experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of secondary plant compounds present in essential oils in replacement of monensin on in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters. It was adopted a completely randomized design with nine treatments and four replicates. The treatments were: control (CON), monensin (MON), garlic oil (ALH), cinnamon oil (CAN), clove oil (CRA), mint oil (HOR), juniper oil (JUN), bitter orange oil (LAR), and melaleuca oil (MEL). The in vitro gas technique was used to record total gas production at 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after incubation. MON, CAN and CRA increased gas production. Garlic and cinnamon were able to reduce the digestibility of organic matter in 20 and 26% in relation to the control treatment. Methane production reduced (P <0.001) in 54, 76, 90, 72, 32, 60, 44 and 47% for MON, ALH, CAN, CRA, HOR, JUN, LAR and MEL, respectively. The N-NH3 concentration was dramatically reduced (P <0.001) with all additives and CRA and HOR increased the pH. In the experiment 2, the objective was to evaluate the effect of plants extracts on ruminal fermentation, performance and behavior of growing lamb fed high concentrate diets. It was adopted a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates. Treatments were: Control (CON), Sunflower oil (CAR), Borage oil (BOR) and Sesame oil (GER). Sixteen male Ile de France sheep, castrated, with five months of age and average initial live weight of 21.68 +2.00 kg were used. Each animal received 1 Ml d-1 of oil. The average daily gain (ADG) was of 198 g d-1 with no differences between treatments (P < 0.96). Nutrient intake was significantly affected (P = 0.03). BOR animals had higher DM, protein, fiber and energy intake in relation to the CON and GER reduced methane production (g animal d-1; P = 0.01) by 23% in relation to the NR. Emissions in other additives showed a tendency of reduction, especially CAR. Total chewing time and leisure time differed between periods (P <0.001). The essential oils tested in vitro in experiment 1, excluding ALH and CAN, at the dosage of 1 Ml / l solution were efficient in the reduction of methane and ammonia without altering the digestibility of the organic matter. BOR added to a high concentrate diet for sheep was able to increase dry matter intake by 5%. GER was able to reduce daily production of methane by 23%, without altering the performance, digestibility, fermentative parameters of the animals and animal behavior

    Performance of lambs on estival pasture supplemented with different protein sources

    No full text
    Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de cordeiros suplementados a campo com diferentes fontes proteicas em pastagem de sorgo forrageiro. O trabalho foi conduzido em uma área experimental do Secretariado Uruguayo de la Lana (SUL), localizado em Cerro Colorado – Uruguai. O período experimental foi realizado de 11/01/2012 até 09/04/2012, perfazendo um total de 89 dias. Utilizou-se o sorgo forrageiro Nutritop (bmr, fotossensitívo), semeado em 14 de novembro de 2011, com espaçamento entrelinhas de 17 cm. Foram utilizados 75 cordeiros testes cruza Poll Dorset com Corriedale, nascidos na primavera de 2011 (aproximadamente 60 dias de vida). Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em 15 grupos, onde foram distribuídos 5 animais por tratamento, que possuía três repetições de campo, totalizando 15 animais por tratamento. Os tratamentos foram: controle (CON), farelo de soja peletizado (FSP), grão de ervilha (GE), bloco proteico sem tanino (BPS), bloco proteico com tanino (BPT). Cada animal recebia 100g de proteína bruta de cada suplemento. Para análise estatística dos dados, foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e três repetições. O tratamento que apresentou o maior ganho de peso médio final foi a FSP (34,5 kg), sendo superior em 6,7 kg quando comparado ao tratamento CON. O ganho médio diário (GMD) ficou na média de 121,6 gramas dia, sendo que a suplementação proteica resultou em alta eficiência quando comparado ao tratamento CON com um ganho médio de apenas 73 gramas ao dia por animal. O ganho de peso por hectare (GH) entre os tratamentos que recebiam suplementação proteica variou de 700 kg/PV/ha (GE) para 878 kg/PV/ha (FSP), já o tratamento CON produziu apenas 429 kg/PV/ha (P>0,05). A renda líquida foi de: 1755, 2581, 1628, 1589 e 1544 dólares/hectare; correspondente aos tratamentos: CON, FSP, GE, BPS e BPT. Com esses resultados somente o uso de suplementação com FSP é viável, por demonstrar superioridade ao tratamento CON (U826amais).Arespostaasuplementac\ca~ocomFSPfoimaiseficiente,devendoseravaliadasasrespostasaquantidadescrescentesemcadaumdossuplementosutilizados,demaneiraaotimizarassuascaracterıˊsticas.Thisstudyaimedtoevaluatetheperformanceoflambssupplementedwithdifferentproteinsourcesonsorghumpasture.TheworkwasconductedinanexperimentalareaoftheSecretariadoUruguayodeLaLana(SUL),locatedinCerroColoradoUruguay.Thetrialwasconductedfrom11/01/2012to09/04/2012,totaling89days.ItwasusedthesorghumNutritop(bmr,photosensitive),seededonNovember2011,withrowspacingof17cm.Atotalof75testingPollDorsetlambscrosseswithCorriedalewasused.Thelambswereborninthespringof2011(approximately60daysofage).Theanimalswererandomlydividedinto15groups,whichweredistributed5animalspertreatment,whichhadthreereplicationsinthefield,totaling15animalsbytreatment.Thetreatmentswere:control(CON),pelletedsoybeanmeal(PSM),peagrain(PG),proteinblockwithouttannin(PBS)andproteinblockwithtannin(BPT).Eachanimalreceived100gofcrudeproteinfromeachsupplement.Forstatisticalanalysis,weadoptedthecompletelyrandomizeddesignwithfivetreatmentsandthreereplications.ThetreatmentthatshowedthegreatestaverageweightgainwasthePSM(34.5kg),higher6.7kgcomparedtoCONtreatment.Theaveragedailygain(ADG)wasonaverage121.6gramsperday,beingthatproteinsupplementationsresultedinhighefficiencywhencomparedtotheCONtreatmentthatshowedanaveragegainofonly73gramsperanimalperday(P<0,05).Theweightgainperhectare(GH)betweentreatmentsreceivingproteinsupplementationrangedfrom700kg/LW/ha(PG)to878kg/LW/ha(PSM)(P<0,05),althoughthetreatmentCONproducedonly429kg/LW/ha(P<0,05).Netincomewas:1755,2581,1628,1589and1,544dollars/hectare,correspondingtotreatments:CON,PSM,PG,PBSandPBT.WiththeseresultsusingonlysupplementationwithPSMisfeasible,fordemonstratingsuperioritytotreatmentCON(US 826 a mais). A resposta a suplementação com FSP foi mais eficiente, devendo ser avaliadas as respostas a quantidades crescentes em cada um dos suplementos utilizados, de maneira a otimizar as suas características.This study aimed to evaluate the performance of lambs supplemented with different protein sources on sorghum pasture. The work was conducted in an experimental area of the Secretariado Uruguayo de La Lana (SUL), located in Cerro Colorado - Uruguay. The trial was conducted from 11/01/2012 to 09/04/2012, totaling 89 days. It was used the sorghum Nutritop (bmr, photosensitive), seeded on November 2011, with row spacing of 17 cm. A total of 75 testing Poll Dorset lambs crosses with Corriedale was used. The lambs were born in the spring of 2011 (approximately 60 days of age). The animals were randomly divided into 15 groups, which were distributed 5 animals per treatment, which had three replications in the field, totaling 15 animals by treatment. The treatments were: control (CON), pelleted soybean meal (PSM), pea grain (PG), protein block without tannin (PBS) and protein block with tannin (BPT). Each animal received 100g of crude protein from each supplement. For statistical analysis, we adopted the completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. The treatment that showed the greatest average weight gain was the PSM (34.5 kg), higher 6.7 kg compared to CON treatment. The average daily gain (ADG) was on average 121.6 grams per day, being that protein supplementations resulted in high efficiency when compared to the CON treatment that showed an average gain of only 73 grams per animal per day (P<0,05). The weight gain per hectare (GH) between treatments receiving protein supplementation ranged from 700 kg/LW/ha (PG) to 878 kg / LW / ha (PSM) (P<0,05), although the treatment CON produced only 429 kg/LW/ha (P<0,05). Net income was: 1755, 2581, 1628, 1589 and 1,544 dollars/hectare, corresponding to treatments: CON, PSM, PG, PBS and PBT. With these results using only supplementation with PSM is feasible, for demonstrating superiority to treatment CON (US 826 more). The response to supplementation with PSM was more efficient, however should be evaluated responses to increasing amounts in each of the supplements used in order to optimize its characteristics

    Chemical composition of corn and sorghum silage with inclusion of whole-plant soybeans

    No full text
    This study evaluated the chemical and fermentation quality of corn and sorghum silage enriched with whole-plant soybeans. Whole soybean proportions of 75%, 50% and 25% were used for ensiling corn or sorghum. The increasing inclusion levels of whole-plant soybeans resulted in a linear increase in the dietary protein content of corn and sorghum silage and in an increase in acid detergent fiber of corn silage, while a decrease was observed in the energy content of corn silage and in neutral detergent fiber content of sorghum silage. The in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility did not differ between soybean inclusion levels in corn or sorghum silage. The addition of whole-plant soybeans increased the pH and N-NH3 concentration of corn and sorghum silage, but maintained the pH at acceptable levels when the inclusion level of whole soybeans was 50%. With respect to chemical composition, whole soybeans can be added to corn and sorghum silage at a proportion of up to 50%, with improvements of the final product
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