28 research outputs found
Migration, friendship ties, and cultural assimilation
We study migrants’ assimilation by analyzing whether friendship with natives is a measure of cultural assimilation and by investigating the formation of social ties. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel, we find that migrants with a German friend are more similar to natives than those without along several important dimensions, including concerns about the economy, interest in politics and a host of policy issues. Turning to friendship acquisition, we find that becoming employed, time spent in the host country, the birth of a child, residential mobility and additional education acquired in the host country are significant drivers of social network variation
So Far so Good: Age, Happiness, and Relative Income
In a simple 2-period model of relative income under uncertainty, higher comparison income for the younger cohort can signal higher or lower expected lifetime relative income, and hence either increase or decrease well-being. With data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and the British Household Panel Survey, we first confirm the standard negative effects of comparison income on life satisfaction with all age groups, and many controls. However when we split the West German sample by age we find a positive significant effect of comparison income in the under 45s, and the usual negative effect only in the over 45 group. With the same split in UK and East German data, comparison income loses significance, which is consistent with the model prediction for the younger group. Our results provide first evidence that the standard aggregation with only a quadratic control for age can obscure major differences in the effects of relative income.Subjective life-satisfaction, comparison income, reference groups, age, welfare
Opening Heaven's Door: Public Opinion and Congressional Votes on the 1965 Immigration Act
The 1965 Immigration Act represented a radical shift in US policy, which has been credited with dramatically expanding the volume and changing the composition of immigration. Its passing has often been described as the result of political machinations negotiated within Congress, without regard to public opinion. We show that congressional voting was consistent with public opinion on abolishing the country-of-origin quotas but not with the desire to limit the volume of immigration. While the former initially reflected attitudes over civil rights, the latter is consistent with contemporary expectations that the expansion in numbers would be modest
A Service of zbw Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre for Economics
Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may Abstract In contrast to previous results combining all ages, we find positive effects of comparison income on happiness for the under 45s and negative effects for those over 45. In the UK, these coefficients are several times the magnitude of own income effects. In West Germany, they cancel out to give no effect of comparison income on life satisfaction in the whole sample when controlling for fixed effects, time-in-panel, and age-groupings. Pooled OLS estimation gives the usual negative comparison effect in the whole sample for both West Germany and the UK. The residual age-happiness relationship is hump-shaped in all three countries. Results are consistent with a simple life cycle model of relative income under uncertainty. Jel codes: D10, I31, J1
What does inflation really predict?
If the inflaton potential has multiple minima, as may be expected in, e.g.,
the string theory "landscape", inflation predicts a probability distribution
for the cosmological parameters describing spatial curvature (Omega_tot), dark
energy (rho_Lambda, w, etc.), the primordial density fluctuations (Omega_tot,
dark energy (rho_Lambda, w, etc.). We compute this multivariate probability
distribution for various classes of single-field slow-roll models, exploring
its dependence on the characteristic inflationary energy scales, the shape of
the potential V and and the choice of measure underlying the calculation. We
find that unless the characteristic scale Delta-phi on which V varies happens
to be near the Planck scale, the only aspect of V that matters observationally
is the statistical distribution of its peaks and troughs. For all energy scales
and plausible measures considered, we obtain the predictions Omega_tot ~
1+-0.00001, w=-1 and rho_Lambda in the observed ballpark but uncomfortably
high. The high energy limit predicts n_s ~ 0.96, dn_s/dlnk ~ -0.0006, r ~ 0.15
and n_t ~ -0.02, consistent with observational data and indistinguishable from
eternal phi^2-inflation. The low-energy limit predicts 5 parameters but prefers
larger Q and redder n_s than observed. We discuss the coolness problem, the
smoothness problem and the pothole paradox, which severely limit the viable
class of models and measures. Our findings bode well for detecting an
inflationary gravitational wave signature with future CMB polarization
experiments, with the arguably best-motivated single-field models favoring the
detectable level r ~ 0.03. (Abridged)Comment: Replaced to match accepted JCAP version. Improved discussion,
references. 42 pages, 17 fig
Resolving the Cosmological Missing Energy Problem
Some form of missing energy may account for the difference between the
observed cosmic matter density and the critical density. Two leading candidates
are a cosmological constant and quintessence (a time-varying, inhomogenous
component with negative pressure). We show that an ideal, full-sky cosmic
background anisotropy experiment may not be able to distinguish the two, even
when non-linear effects due to gravitational lensing are included. Due to this
ambiguity, microwave background experiments alone may not determine the matter
density or Hubble constant very precisely. We further show that degeneracy may
remain even after considering classical cosmological tests and measurements of
large scale structure.Comment: 6 pages, Latex, 4 postscript figures; revised analysis to include
gravitational lensin