Enthalpy Method To Compute Radial Heating And Thawing Of Logs

This paper discusses an enthalpy method to compute transient temperatures of logs. The logs may be initially frozen. It is assumed that the logs are subjected to radial heating in agitated water. The method handles phase change at a distinct temperature, which is an advantage over a previous (temperature) method. Calculations for four test logs were performed by a computerized, explicit finite-difference scheme called LOGHEAT. Model and experiment closely agreed with each other. Simplified "by hand" calculations were also satisfactory

Changes in extracellular pH during electrical stimulation of isolated rat vagus nerve

Double-barrelled pH-sensitive micro-electrodes were used to record changes of extracellular pH during repetitive stimulation of isolated rat vagus nerves. It was found that a small initial alkaline shift was followed by a prolonged acidification. The acidification was correlated in time with the poststimulus undershoot of the extracellular K+ activity and with the recovery phase of the nerve conduction velocity. In the presence of ouabain, the acid component of the pH change was completely abolished (indicating a metabolic origin), whereas the alkaline component remained unaltered. These pH changes were too small to make a significant contribution to the activity-related changes in conduction velocity of the vagal C-fibres

Closed orbit correction at synchrotrons for symmetric and near-symmetric lattices

This contribution compiles the benefits of lattice symmetry in the context of closed orbit correction. A symmetric arrangement of BPMs and correctors results in structured orbit response matrices of Circulant or block Circulant type. These forms of matrices provide favorable properties in terms of computational complexity, information compression and interpretation of mathematical vector spaces of BPMs and correctors. For broken symmetries, a nearest-Circulant approximation is introduced and the practical advantages of symmetry exploitation are demonstrated with the help of simulations and experiments in the context of FAIR synchrotrons

Tune shift induced by nonlinear resistive wall wake field of flat collimator

We present formulae for the coherent and incoherent tune shifts due to the nonlinear resistive wall wake field for a single beam traveling between two parallel plates. In particular, we demonstrate that the nonlinear terms of the resistive-wall wake field become important if the gap between the plates is comparable to the transverse rms beam size. We also compare the theoretically predicted tune shift as a function of gap size with measurements for an LHC prototype graphite collimator in the CERN SPS and with simulations

Pneumonia and in-hospital mortality in the context of neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia (NOD) in stroke and a new NOD step-wise concept

The aim of our work was to develop a step-wise concept for investigating neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia (NOD) that could be used by both trained nursing staff as well as swallowing therapists and physicians to identify patients with NOD at an early stage and so enable an appropriate therapy to be started. To achieve this objective, we assessed uniform terminology and standard operating procedures (SOP) in a new NOD step-wise concept. In-house stroke mortality rates and rates of pneumonia were measured over time (2003–2009) in order to show improvements in quality of care. In addition, outcome measures in a stroke-unit monitoring system were studied after neurorehabilitation (day 90) assessing quality of life (QL) and patient feedback. An investigation that was carried out in the context of internal and external quality assurance stroke projects revealed a significant correlation between the NOD step-wise concept and low rates of pneumonia and in-house mortality. The quality of life measures show a delta value that can contribute to “post-stroke” depression. The NOD step-wise concept (NSC) should, on the one hand, be capable of being routinely used in clinical care and, on the other, being able to fulfil the requirements of being scientifically based for investigating different stages of swallowing disorders. The value of our NSC relates to the effective management of clinical resources and the provision of adequate diagnostic and therapeutic options for different grades of dysphagia. We anticipate that our concept will provide substantial support to physicians, as well as swallowing therapists, in clinical settings and rehabilitation facilities, thereby promoting better guidance and understanding of neurogenic dysphagia as a concept in acute and rehabilitation care, especially stroke-unit settings

EMC ASPECTS OF TURBULENCE HEATING OBSERVER (THOR) SPACECRAFT

Turbulence Heating ObserveR (THOR) is a spacecraft mission dedicated to the study of plasma turbulence in near-Earth space. The mission is currently under study for implementation as a part of ESA Cosmic Vision program. THOR will involve a single spinning spacecraft equipped with state of the art instruments capable of sensitive measurements of electromagnetic fields and plasma particles. The sensitive electric and magnetic field measurements require that the spacecraft-generated emissions are restricted and strictly controlled; therefore a comprehensive EMC program has been put in place already during the study phase. The THOR study team and a dedicated EMC working group are formulating the mission EMC requirements state of its EMC requirements

The LHC Injection Tests

A series of LHC injection tests was performed in August and September 2008. The first saw beam injected into sector 23; the second into sectors 78 and 23; the third into sectors 78-67 and sectors 23-34-45. The fourth, into sectors 23-34-45, was performed the evening before the extended injection test on the 10th September which saw both beams brought around the full circumference of the LHC. The tests enabled the testing and debugging of a number of critical control and hardware systems; testing and validation of instrumentation with beam for the first time; deployment, and validation of a number of measurement procedures. Beam based measurements revealed a number of machine configuration issues that were rapidly resolved. The tests were undoubtedly an essential precursor to the successful start of LHC beam commissioning. This paper provides an outline of preparation for the tests, the machine configuration and summarizes the measurements made and individual system performance

Molecular Chemistry to the Fore: New Insights into the Fascinating World of Photoactive Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals possess unique properties that are unmatched by other chromophores such as organic dyes or transition-metal complexes. These versatile building blocks have generated much scientific interest and found applications in bioimaging, tracking, lighting, lasing, photovoltaics, photocatalysis, thermoelectrics, and spintronics. Despite these advances, important challenges remain, notably how to produce semiconductor nanostructures with predetermined architecture, how to produce metastable semiconductor nanostructures that are hard to isolate by conventional syntheses, and how to control the degree of surface loading or valence per nanocrystal. Molecular chemists are very familiar with these issues and can use their expertise to help solve these challenges. In this Perspective, we present our group\u27s recent work on bottom-up molecular control of nanoscale composition and morphology, low-temperature photochemical routes to semiconductor heterostructures and metastable phases, solar-to-chemical energy conversion with semiconductor-based photocatalysts, and controlled surface modification of colloidal semiconductors that bypasses ligand exchange