26 research outputs found
Opportunities and challenges for using automatic human affect analysis in consumer research
The ability to automatically assess emotional responses via contact-free video recording taps into a rapidly growing market aimed at predicting consumer choices. If consumer attention and engagement are measurable in a reliable and accessible manner, relevant marketing decisions could be informed by objective data. Although significant advances have been made in automatic affect recognition, several practical and theoretical issues remain largely unresolved. These concern the lack of cross-system validation, a historical emphasis of posed over spontaneous expressions, as well as more fundamental issues regarding the weak association between subjective experience and facial expressions. To address these limitations, the present paper argues that extant commercial and free facial expression classifiers should be rigorously validated in cross-system research. Furthermore, academics and practitioners must better leverage fine-grained emotional response dynamics, with stronger emphasis on understanding naturally occurring spontaneous expressions, and in naturalistic choice settings. We posit that applied consumer research might be better situated to examine facial behavior in socio-emotional contexts rather than decontextualized, laboratory studies, and highlight how AHAA can be successfully employed in this context. Also, facial activity should be considered less as a single outcome variable, and more as a starting point for further analyses. Implications of this approach and potential obstacles that need to be overcome are discussed within the context of consumer research
Unreflected Acceptance -- Investigating the Negative Consequences of ChatGPT-Assisted Problem Solving in Physics Education
Large language models (LLMs) have recently gained popularity. However, the
impact of their general availability through ChatGPT on sensitive areas of
everyday life, such as education, remains unclear. Nevertheless, the societal
impact on established educational methods is already being experienced by both
students and educators. Our work focuses on higher physics education and
examines problem solving strategies. In a study, students with a background in
physics were assigned to solve physics exercises, with one group having access
to an internet search engine (N=12) and the other group being allowed to use
ChatGPT (N=27). We evaluated their performance, strategies, and interaction
with the provided tools. Our results showed that nearly half of the solutions
provided with the support of ChatGPT were mistakenly assumed to be correct by
the students, indicating that they overly trusted ChatGPT even in their field
of expertise. Likewise, in 42% of cases, students used copy & paste to query
ChatGPT -- an approach only used in 4% of search engine queries -- highlighting
the stark differences in interaction behavior between the groups and indicating
limited reflection when using ChatGPT. In our work, we demonstrated a need to
(1) guide students on how to interact with LLMs and (2) create awareness of
potential shortcomings for users.Comment: Pre-print currently under revie
Visualizing the ultra-structure of microorganisms using table-top extreme ultraviolet imaging
Table-top extreme ultraviolet (EUV) microscopy offers unique opportunities
for label-free investigation of biological samples. Here, we demonstrate
ptychographic EUV imaging of two dried, unstained model specimens: germlings of
a fungus (Aspergillus nidulans), and bacteria (Escherichia coli) cells at 13.5
nm wavelength. We find that the EUV spectral region, which to date has not
received much attention for biological imaging, offers sufficient penetration
depths for the identification of intracellular features. By implementing a
position-correlated ptychography approach, we demonstrate a millimeter-squared
field of view enabled by infrared illumination combined with sub-60 nm spatial
resolution achieved with EUV illumination on selected regions of interest. The
strong element contrast at 13.5 nm wavelength enables the identification of the
nanoscale material composition inside the specimens. Our work will advance and
facilitate EUV imaging applications and enable further possibilities in life
science
Lessons Learned from Designing an Open-Source Automated Feedback System for STEM Education
As distance learning becomes increasingly important and artificial
intelligence tools continue to advance, automated systems for individual
learning have attracted significant attention. However, the scarcity of
open-source online tools that are capable of providing personalized feedback
has restricted the widespread implementation of research-based feedback
systems. In this work, we present RATsApp, an open-source automated feedback
system (AFS) that incorporates research-based features such as formative
feedback. The system focuses on core STEM competencies such as mathematical
competence, representational competence, and data literacy. It also allows
lecturers to monitor students' progress. We conducted a survey based on the
technology acceptance model (TAM2) among a set of students (N=64). Our findings
confirm the applicability of the TAM2 framework, revealing that factors such as
the relevance of the studies, output quality, and ease of use significantly
influence the perceived usefulness. We also found a linear relation between the
perceived usefulness and the intention to use, which in turn is a significant
predictor of the frequency of use. Moreover, the formative feedback feature of
RATsApp received positive feedback, indicating its potential as an educational
tool. Furthermore, as an open-source platform, RATsApp encourages public
contributions to its ongoing development, fostering a collaborative approach to
improve educational tools.Comment: 40 pages, 6 figure
Accumulated coercion and short-term outcome of inpatient psychiatric care
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The knowledge of the impact of coercion on psychiatric treatment outcome is limited. Multiple measures of coercion have been recommended. The aim of the study was to examine the impact of accumulated coercive incidents on short-term outcome of inpatient psychiatric care</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>233 involuntarily and voluntarily admitted patients were interviewed within five days of admission and at discharge or after maximum three weeks of care. Coercion was measured as number of coercive incidents, i.e. subjectively reported and in the medical files recorded coercive incidents, including legal status and perceived coercion at admission, and recorded and reported coercive measures during treatment. Outcome was measured both as subjective improvement of mental health and as improvement in professionally assessed functioning according to GAF. Logistic regression analyses were performed with patient characteristics and coercive incidents as independent and the two outcome measures as dependent variables</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Number of coercive incidents did not predict subjective or assessed improvement. Patients having other diagnoses than psychoses or mood disorders were less likely to be subjectively improved, while a low GAF at admission predicted an improvement in GAF scores</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results indicate that subjectively and professionally assessed mental health short-term outcome of acute psychiatric hospitalisation are not predicted by the amount of subjectively and recorded coercive incidents. Further studies are needed to examine the short- and long-term effects of coercive interventions in psychiatric care.</p
Epidermal Transglutaminase (TGase 3) Is Required for Proper Hair Development, but Not the Formation of the Epidermal Barrier
Transglutaminases (TGase), a family of cross-linking enzymes present in most cell types, are important in events as diverse as cell-signaling and matrix stabilization. Transglutaminase 1 is crucial in developing the epidermal barrier, however the skin also contains other family members, in particular TGase 3. This isoform is highly expressed in the cornified layer, where it is believed to stabilize the epidermis and its reduction is implicated in psoriasis. To understand the importance of TGase 3 in vivo we have generated and analyzed mice lacking this protein. Surprisingly, these animals display no obvious defect in skin development, no overt changes in barrier function or ability to heal wounds. In contrast, hair lacking TGase 3 is thinner, has major alterations in the cuticle cells and hair protein cross-linking is markedly decreased. Apparently, while TGase 3 is of unique functional importance in hair, in the epidermis loss of TGase 3 can be compensated for by other family members
Gender differences in coerced patients with schizophrenia
European Commission (Quality of life and
Management of Living Resources Programme, contract number QLG4-CT-
2002-01036), Czech Ministry of Education research grant MSM002160849,
and research grants PRVOUK–P26/LF1/4 and PRVOUK–P03/LF1/
Predicting altcoin returns using social media.
Cryptocurrencies have recently received large media interest. Especially the great fluctuations in price have attracted such attention. Behavioral sciences and related scientific literature provide evidence that there is a close relationship between social media and price fluctuations of cryptocurrencies. This particularly applies to smaller currencies, which can be substantially influenced by references on Twitter. Although these so-called "altcoins" often have smaller trading volumes they sometimes attract large attention on social media. Here, we show that fluctuations in altcoins can be predicted from social media. In order to do this, we collected a dataset containing prices and the social media activity of 181 altcoins in the form of 426,520 tweets over a timeframe of 71 days. The containing public mood was then estimated using sentiment analysis. To predict altcoin returns, we carried out linear regression analyses based on 45 days of data. We showed that short-term returns can be predicted from activity and sentiments on Twitter
Concept and Design of a Bearingless Spinfilter
In many separation processes, filtration performance degrades over time due to retained particles blocking the flow through the filter membrane. A novel bearingless spinfilter extends the long-term performance by self-cleaning effects. The filter rotor is magnetically levitated and actuated by two self-bearing motors inside a hermetically sealed housing, which eliminates the need for bearings and rotary sealings, that both lead to process fluid contamination. Both bearingless motors have integrated electronics and independently control the levitation of the spinfilter rotor. A first prototype is designed and the concept is validated by the separation of a yeast cell culture. Special focus is placed on the internal rotary seal between the feed and filtrate regions, that is inevitably created when the filter membrane is in motion. Any leakage flow through the seal leads to filtrate impurities, which is minimized in this article with an embedded impeller as a pressure compensation method. A constant filtrate flux of 1750 Lh⁻¹m⁻² and a filtrate purity of 75% was achieved in a first series of tests
Opportunities and challenges for using automatic human affect analysis in consumer research
The ability to automatically assess emotional responses via contact-free video recording taps into a rapidly growing market aimed at predicting consumer choices. If consumer attention and engagement are measurable in a reliable and accessible manner, relevant marketing decisions could be informed by objective data. Although significant advances have been made in automatic affect recognition, several practical and theoretical issues remain largely unresolved. These concern the lack of cross-system validation, a historical emphasis of posed over spontaneous expressions, as well as more fundamental issues regarding the weak association between subjective experience and facial expressions. To address these limitations, the present paper argues that extant commercial and free facial expression classifiers should be rigorously validated in cross-system research. Furthermore, academics and practitioners must better leverage fine-grained emotional response dynamics, with stronger emphasis on understanding naturally occurring spontaneous expressions. We posit that applied consumer research might be better situated to examine facial behavior in socio-emotional contexts rather than decontextualized, laboratory studies, and highlight how AHAA can be successfully employed in this context. Also, facial activity should be considered less as a single outcome variable, and more as promising input for two-step machine learning in combination with other (multimodal) features. We illustrate this point in a case study using facial activity as input features to predict crying behavior in response to sad movies. Implications of this approach and potential obstacles that need to be overcome are discussed within the context of consumer research