1,091 research outputs found
Responses to stretch and the effect of pull on propagation in non-striated muscles of golfingia (= phascolosoma) and mustelus
No Abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50121/1/1030540203_ftp.pd
Nutrition in necrotizing enterocolitis and following intestinal resection
This review aims to discuss the role of nutrition and feeding practices in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), NEC prevention, and its complications, including surgical treatment. A thorough PubMed search was performed with a focus on meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials when available. There are several variables in nutrition and the feeding of preterm infants with the intention of preventing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Starting feeds later rather than earlier, advancing feeds slowly and continuous feeds have not been shown to prevent NEC and breast milk remains the only effective prevention strategy. The lack of medical treatment options for NEC often leads to disease progression requiring surgical resection. Following resection, intestinal adaptation occurs, during which villi lengthen and crypts deepen to increase the functional capacity of remaining bowel. The effect of macronutrients on intestinal adaptation has been extensively studied in animal models. Clinically, the length and portion of intestine that is resected may lead to patients requiring parenteral nutrition, which is also reviewed here. There remain significant gaps in knowledge surrounding many of the nutritional aspects of NEC and more research is needed to determine optimal feeding approaches to prevent NEC, particularly in infants younger than 28 weeks and \u3c1000 grams. Additional research is also needed to identify biomarkers reflecting intestinal recovery following NEC diagnosis individualize when feedings should be safely resumed for each patient
A Gauge Invariant Unitary Theory for Pion Photoproduction
A covariant, unitary and gauge invariant theory for pion photoproduction on a
single nucleon is presented. To achieve gauge invariance at the operator level
one needs to include both the and thresholds. The final
amplitude can be written in terms of a distorted wave in the final
channel provided one includes additional diagrams to the standard Born term in
which the photon is coupled to the final state pion and nucleon. These
additional diagrams are required in order to satisfy gauge invariance.Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX, 1 figure as a separate uuencoded compressed tar fil
Model of the Quark Mixing Matrix
The structure of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix is analyzed from
the standpoint of a composite model. A model is constructed with three families
of quarks, by taking tensor products of sufficient numbers of spin-1/2
representations and imagining the dominant terms in the mass matrix to arise
from spin-spin interactions. Generic results then obtained include the familiar
relation , and a less frequently
seen relation . The magnitudes of
and come out naturally to be of the right order. The phase in
the CKM matrix can be put in by hand, but its origin remains obscure.Comment: Presented by Mihir P. Worah at DPF 92 Meeting, Fermilab, November,
1992. 3 pages, LaTeX fil
Muon Physics: A Pillar of the Standard Model
Since its discovery in the 1930s, the muon has played an important role in
our quest to understand the sub-atomic theory of matter. The muon was the first
second-generation standard-model particle to be discovered, and its decay has
provided information on the (Vector -Axial Vector) structure of the weak
interaction, the strength of the weak interaction, G_F, and the conservation of
lepton number (flavor) in muon decay. The muon's anomalous magnetic moment has
played an important role in restricting theories of physics beyond the standard
standard model, where at present there is a 3.4 standard-deviation difference
between the experiment and standard-model theory. Its capture on the atomic
nucleus has provided valuable information on the modification of the weak
current by the strong interaction which is complementary to that obtained from
nuclear beta decay.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures. Invited paper for the Journal of Physical Society
in Japan (JPSJ), Special Topics Issue "Frontiers of Elementary Particle
Physics, The Standard Model and beyond
Long-term burden of increased body mass index from childhood on adult dyslipidemia: the i3C Consortium study
Background: Data are limited regarding the association of cumulative burden and trajectory of body mass index (BMI) from early life with adult lipid disorders. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 5195 adults who had BMI repeatedly measured 4 to 21 times from childhood and had blood lipid measurements of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) and information on lipid-lowering medications in the last adult survey. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated as a measure of long-term burden (total AUC) and trends (incremental AUC) of BMI. Results: Participants with dyslipidemia, high LDL-C, low HDL-C and high TG had consistently and significantly higher BMI levels from childhood to adulthood compared to those with normal lipid levels. After adjusting for age, race, sex, and cohort, increased risk of adult dyslipidemia was significantly associated with higher values of childhood BMI, adulthood BMI, total AUC and incremental AUC, with odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.22 (1.15-1.29), 1.85 (1.74-1.97), 1.61 (1.52-1.71), and 1.59 (1.50-1.69), respectively, and p Conclusions: Adults with dyslipidemia versus normal lipid levels have consistently higher levels and distinct life-course trajectories of BMI, suggesting that the impact of excessive body weight on dyslipidemia originates in early life
Сучасний стан і проблеми управління залізничним транспортом України
Проаналізовано стан і тенденції розвитку залізничного транспорту. Розглянуті основні завдання державного регулювання галузі.Проанализировано состояние и тенденции развития железнодорожного транспорта. Рассмотренны основные задания государственного регулирования отрасли.The condition and trends of railway transport has been anilized. The main tasks of state regulation of railway transport has been considereted
Search for CP Violation in the Decay Z -> b (b bar) g
About three million hadronic decays of the Z collected by ALEPH in the years
1991-1994 are used to search for anomalous CP violation beyond the Standard
Model in the decay Z -> b \bar{b} g. The study is performed by analyzing
angular correlations between the two quarks and the gluon in three-jet events
and by measuring the differential two-jet rate. No signal of CP violation is
found. For the combinations of anomalous CP violating couplings, and , limits of \hat{h}_b < 0.59h^{\ast}_{b} < 3.02$ are given at 95\% CL.Comment: 8 pages, 1 postscript figure, uses here.sty, epsfig.st
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Mapping Philanthropic Foundations’ Characteristics: towards an international integrative framework of foundation types
As philanthropic foundations take on increasingly prominent sociopolitical roles, the need for stronger conceptualizations of foundations as an organizational form is articulated widely across academic, policy, and practice contexts. Building on institutional research’s tradition of categorizing, classifying and typologizing organizational forms, our article critically explores the different ways in which foundations have been cast and differentiated in international academic and practice literatures. Examining and integrating these, we propose an integrative framework of foundation types. Incorporating 13 categories—three contextual, five organizational, and five strategic ones—the framework allows for clarifying distinctions and identifying commonalities between different foundation forms, offering a basis for developing more reflective and differentiated research and practice knowledge
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