Social Diffusion of Religious Values within Families: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations

Familienmitglieder repräsentieren füreinander jeweils gegenseitig den sozialen Kontext, innerhalb dessen sich familiales Handeln und individuelle Persönlichkeitsentwicklung abspielen. Soziale Einflüsse in Familien äußern sich empirisch in einer überzufälligen Ähnlichkeit der Familienmitglieder hinsichtlich einer großen Bandbreite von Merkmalen. Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert auf die intrafamiliale Homogenisierung hinsichtlich Religiosität, wobei in einem empirischen Datenbeispiel horizontale Paar-Angleichungsprozesse sowie vertikale intergenerationale Transmissionsprozesse untersucht werden. Neben dem Befund, dass Sozialisationserfahrungen im Elternhaus bedeutsamer sind als spätere Partnereinflüsse, zeigen die Analysen, dass soziale Kontexteffekte umso stärker ausfallen, je größer die Kohäsion in der jeweiligen Interaktionsdyade ist; hier operationalisiert über die Beziehungsqualität.Family members create for each other the social context in which family behavior and personality development take place. The importance of social influence in families is evidenced empirically by family members' great similarity on a wide variety of characteristics. Focusing on intrafamily convergence on religiosity, the study discuses empirical methods of dyadic analysis and illustrates their use with an analysis of horizontal intracouple alignment and vertical intergenerational transmission. In addition to the finding that experiences during religious socialization in the parental home have a stronger impact than partner influences in adulthood, the analyses show that social context effects are stronger when the interaction dyad is more cohesive, as measured by, for example, relationship quality

Genomweite Methylierungsanalysen und Identifizierung prognostischer und prädiktiver Marker für das epitheliale Ovarialkarzinom

Methylierte DNA aus Gefriermaterial von 12 Patientinnen mit und ohne Rezidiv innerhalb 3 Jahren nach Operation des Primärtumor wurde mittels „Methylated CpG Island Recovery Assay“ angereichert und vergleichend auf Agilent CpG-Island Microarrays hybridisiert. Kandidatengene wurden anschließend an einem erweiterten Probenset mittels quantitativer methylierungsspezifischer PCR (q-MS-PCR) untersucht, um Marker mit prognostischer Wertigkeit zu identifizieren. Weiterhin wurden auf demselben Weg parental sensitive und cisplatinresistente Zelllinien unter¬sucht, um prädiktive Marker zu finden. Das Methylierungsmuster der validierten Marker wurde abschließend mit Next-Generation Bisulfitsequenzierung hochauflösend aufgeklärt. Expressionsanalysen gaben Aufschluss über die Auswirkungen der DNA-Methylierung auf die Transkript- und Proteinmenge in den jeweiligen Proben. Es wurden Regionen im Bereich der Gene RUNX3, KATNAL2, ATL1, CAMK2N1, KRT86 und ATOH8 identifiziert, die in Abhängigkeit von der Prognose zum Teil signifikant unterschied¬lich methyliert sind. Kombinationen der Markergene konnten hoch und höchst signifikant die Prognosegruppen unterscheiden und zeigen eine ähnliche Wertigkeit wie der Resektionsstatus. Die Aussagekraft der epigenetischen Markerkombinationen ist zudem unabhängig vom Resektionsstatus. Patientinnen mit einer Methylierung von RUNX3 oder CAMK2N1 wiesen ein signifikant kürzeres progressionsfreies Intervall auf. Weiter konnte die Reproduzierbar¬keit der Methylierungsmuster an Paraffingeweben nachgewiesen werden. Bei der in-vitro Cisplatinresistenzent¬wicklung in Ovarialkarzinomzelllinien fand eine Hypermethylierung von CAMK2N1 statt. Signifikant korrelierte die DNA-Methylierung mit der Genexpression bei 2 Kandidatengenen

Untersuchung von Dirhodium-Koordinationspolymeren mittels Rasterkraftmikroskopie

Ein zentraler Nachteil der meisten Koordinationspolymere ist, dass sie elektrische Isolatoren sind. In dieser Arbeit wurden konjugierte Koordinationspolymere auf ihre Leitfähigkeit untersucht, die eine Rhodium-Paddle-Wheel-Struktur besitzen. Die Beschichtung auf einer funktionalisierten Oberfläche im Vorfeld der C-AFM-Messung wurde mittels eines selbstgebauten Dip-Coaters realisiert. Koordinationspolymere, die das [Rh2(ac)4]-Paddle-Wheel enthalten, sind unabhängig von den untersuchten Linkern Isolatoren. Werden die Acetatliganden mit drei oder vier Acetamidatliganden ausgetauscht, so ist das entstandene Koordinationspolymer leitfähig. Temperaturabhängige C-AFM-Messungen ergeben eine für hohe Feldstärken konstante Aktivierungsenergie, die je nach Koordinationspolymer zwischen 0,3 eV und 0,7 eV beträgt. Anhand der Ergebnisse wurde gezeigt, dass der Ladungstransport durch einen Hopping Mechanismus dominiert wird. C-AFM ist eine aussagekräftige Methode zur Charakterisierung leitfähiger Koordinationspolymere auf der Oberfläche

Mining Novel Multivariate Relationships in Time Series Data Using Correlation Networks

In many domains, there is significant interest in capturing novel relationships between time series that represent activities recorded at different nodes of a highly complex system. In this paper, we introduce multipoles, a novel class of linear relationships between more than two time series. A multipole is a set of time series that have strong linear dependence among themselves, with the requirement that each time series makes a significant contribution to the linear dependence. We demonstrate that most interesting multipoles can be identified as cliques of negative correlations in a correlation network. Such cliques are typically rare in a real-world correlation network, which allows us to find almost all multipoles efficiently using a clique-enumeration approach. Using our proposed framework, we demonstrate the utility of multipoles in discovering new physical phenomena in two scientific domains: climate science and neuroscience. In particular, we discovered several multipole relationships that are reproducible in multiple other independent datasets and lead to novel domain insights.Comment: This is the accepted version of article submitted to IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 201

The Antithetic Roles of IQGAP2 and IQGAP3 in Cancers

Simple Summary The IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein family is comprised of three signal scaffolding proteins that regulate a variety of biological functions by aiding signal transduction in cells. IQGAPs induce numerous cancer-related processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. In comparison to IQGAP1, IQGAP2 and IQGAP3 were less researched. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed the significant roles of IQGAP2 and IQGAP3 in cancer-associated pathways as well as the role in carcinogenesis and progression of different cancer entities. Abstract The scaffold protein family of IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating proteins (IQGAP1, 2, and 3) share a high degree of homology and comprise six functional domains. IQGAPs bind and regulate the cytoskeleton, interact with MAP kinases and calmodulin, and have GTPase-related activity, as well as a RasGAP domain. Thus, IQGAPs regulate multiple cellular processes and pathways, affecting cell division, growth, cell–cell interactions, migration, and invasion. In the past decade, significant evidence on the function of IQGAPs in signal transduction during carcinogenesis has emerged. Compared with IQGAP1, IQGAP2 and IQGAP3 were less analyzed. In this review, we summarize the different signaling pathways affected by IQGAP2 and IQGAP3, and the antithetic roles of IQGAP2 and IQGAP3 in different types of cancer. IQGAP2 expression is reduced and plays a tumor suppressor role in most solid cancer types, while IQGAP3 is overexpressed and acts as an oncogene. In lymphoma, for example, IQGAPs have partially opposite functions. There is considerable evidence that IQGAPs regulate a multitude of pathways to modulate cancer processes and chemoresistance, but some questions, such as how they trigger this signaling, through which domains, and why they play opposite roles on the same pathways, are still unanswered

Wnt/β-Catenin Signalling and Its Cofactor BCL9L Have an Oncogenic Effect in Bladder Cancer Cells

Bladder cancer (BC) is characterised by a high recurrence and progression rate. However, the molecular mechanisms of BC progression remain poorly understood. BCL9L, a coactivator of β-catenin was mutated in the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs). We assessed the influence of UTRs mutations on BCL9L , and the role of BCL9L and Wnt/β-catenin signalling in BC cells. UTR mutations were analysed by a luciferase reporter. BCL9L protein was assessed by immunohistochemistry in BC tissues. Cell proliferation was examined by crystal violet staining and by the spheroid model. Moreover, migration and invasion were analysed in real-time using the xCelligence RTCA system. The A > T mutation at 3′ UTR of BCL9L reduces the luciferase reporter mRNA expression and activity. BCL9L is predominantly increased in dysplastic urothelial cells and muscle-invasive BC. Knockdown of BCL9L and inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signalling significantly repress the proliferation, migration and invasion of Cal29 and T24. In addition, BCL9L knockdown reduces mRNA level of Wnt/β-catenin target genes in Cal29 but not in T24 cells. BCL9L and Wnt/β-catenin signalling play an oncogenic role in bladder cancer cells and seems to be associated with BC progression. Nevertheless, the involvement of BCL9L in Wnt/β-catenin signalling is cell-line specific

Computational optimization of gas compressor stations: MINLP models versus continuous reformulations

When considering cost-optimal operation of gas transport networks, compressor stations play the most important role. Proper modeling of these stations leads to nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problems. In this article, we give an isothermal and stationary description of compressor stations, state MINLP and GDP models for operating a single station, and discuss several continuous reformulations of the problem. The applicability and relevance of different model formulations, especially of those without discrete variables, is demonstrated by a computational study on both academic examples and real-world instances. In addition, we provide preliminary computational results for an entire network.German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technolog

SLC35F2, a Transporter Sporadically Mutated in the Untranslated Region, Promotes Growth, Migration, and Invasion of Bladder Cancer Cells

Bladder cancer is a very heterogeneous disease and the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and progression are insufficiently investigated. From the DNA sequencing analysis of matched non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) samples from eight patients, we identified the tumour-associated gene SLC35F2 to be mutated in the 50 and 30 untranslated region (UTR). One mutation in 30UTR increased the luciferase activity reporter, suggesting its influence on the protein expression of SLC35F2. The mRNA level of SLC35F2 was increased in MIBC compared with NMIBC. Furthermore, in immunohistochemical staining, we observed a strong intensity of SLC35F2 in single tumour cells and in the border cells of solid tumour areas with an atypical accumulation around the nucleus, especially in the MIBC. This suggests that SLC35F2 might be highly expressed in aggressive and invasive tumour cells. Moreover, knockdown of SLC35F2 repressed the growth of bladder cancer cells in the monolayer and spheroid model and suppressed migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells. In conclusion, we suggest that SLC35F2 is involved in bladder cancer progression and might provide a new therapeutic approach, for example, by the anti-cancer drug YM155, a cargo of the SLC35F2 transporter

Kontexteffekte in Familien - Angleichung von Paaren und intergenerationale Transmission am Beispiel Religiosität

Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt konzeptuelle und methodische Ansätze zur Untersuchung von sozialen Kontexteinflüssen innerhalb von Familien auf. Familienmitglieder repräsentieren füreinander jeweils gegenseitig den sozialen Kontext, innerhalb dessen sich familiales Handeln und individuelle Persönlichkeitsentwicklung abspielen. Soziale Einflüsse in Familien äußern sich empirisch in einer überzufälligen Ähnlichkeit der Familienmitglieder hinsichtlich einer großen Bandbreite von Merkmalen. Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert auf die intrafamiliale Homogenisierung hinsichtlich Religiosität, wobei in einem empirischen Datenbeispiel a) horizontale Paar-Angleichungsprozesse sowie b) vertikale intergenerationale Transmissionsprozesse untersucht werden. Neben dem Befund, dass Sozialisationserfahrungen im Elternhaus bedeutsamer sind als spätere Partnereinflüsse, zeigen die Analysen, dass soziale Kontexteffekte umso stärker ausfallen, je größer die Kohäsion in der jeweiligen Interaktionsdyade ist (hier operationalisiert über die Beziehungsqualität). (Autorenreferat)The present contribution shows conceptual and methodological ap-proaches for the study of social context effects within families. Family members mutually constitute the social context in which family behavior and personality development take place. Social influence in families becomes evident empirically in family members' significant similarity concerning a wide variety of characteristics. The present study focuses on intrafamily convergence with regard to religiousness. In an empirical illustration, both (a) horizontal intracouple alignment and (b) vertical intergenerational transmission processes are examined. Besides the finding that experiences during religious socialization in the parental home have a stronger impact than partner influences in adulthood, our analyses show that social context effects are more pronounced the stronger the cohesion of the respective interaction dyad is (e.g., according to measures of relationship quality). (auhtor's abstract

A quantum phase gate implementation for trapped ions in thermal motion

We propose a novel scheme to implement a quantum controlled phase gate for trapped ions in thermal motion with one standing wave laser pulse. Instead of applying the rotating wave approximation this scheme makes use of the counter-rotating terms of operators. We also demonstrate that the same scheme can be used to generate maximally entangled states of $N$ trapped ions by a single laser pulse