Impact of Optimized Breastfeeding on the Costs of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Extremely Low Birthweight Infants

To estimate risk of NEC for ELBW infants as a function of preterm formula and maternal milk (MM) intake and calculate the impact of suboptimal feeding on NEC incidence and costs

Sandburg ; photographers view Carl Sandburg

112 p. ; 31 cm

Real fantasies: Edward Steichen's advertising photography

During the 1920s and 1930s, Edward Steichen was the most successful photographer in the advertising industry. Although much has been said about Steichen's fine-art photography, his commercial work - which appeared regularly in Vanity Fair, Vogue, Ladies Home Journal , and almost every other popular magazine published in the United States - has not received the attention it deserves. At a time when photography was just beginning to replace drawings as the favored medium for advertising, Steichen helped transform the producers of such products as Welch's grape juice and Jergens lotion from small family businesses to national household names. In this book, Patricia Johnston uses Steichen's work as a case study of the history of advertising and the American economy between the wars. She traces the development of Steichen's work from an early naturalistic style through increasingly calculated attempts to construct consumer fantasies. By the 1930s, alluring images of romance and class, developed in collaboration with agency staff and packaged in overtly manipulative and persuasive photographs, became Steichen's stock-in-trade. He was most frequently chosen by agencies for products targeted toward women: his images depicted vivacious singles, earnest new mothers, and other stereotypically female life stages that reveal a great deal about the industry's perceptions of and pitches to this particular audience.Johnston presents an intriguing inside view of advertising agencies, drawing on an array of internal documents to reconstruct the team process that involved clients, art directors, account executives, copywriters, and photographers. Her book is a telling chronicle of the role of mass media imagery in reflecting, shaping, and challenging social values in American culture

Rodin—The Eve

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The Role of Western Equine Encephalitis and Saint Louis Encephalitis in Mosquitoes and Animals of South Dakota

The World Health Organization defines an arbovirus as follows. An arbovirus must produce a viremia in one or more vertebra species, multiply in some arthropod that feeds on viremic blood and be transmitted through feeding. Ticks and mosquitoes are the main arthropod vectors that transmit this virus. The fact that the Missouri Basin states have had the post extensive epidemics of western equine encephalitis (WEE) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) in the country makes South Dakota an excellent area for concentrated arbovirus studies. These major environmental changes might alter the biological balance of the complex ecological factors that determine the occurrence of encephalitis to a point of contributing to future epidemic occurrences of the disease. The arbovirus activity in South Dakota among humans and domestic and wild animals is not known. A more recent mosquito survey in South Dakota. was conducted by Gerhardt in 1964 (SO). The first reported serious epidemic of WEE in the United States occurred in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota in 1941. Over 1,000 human cases and 2,500 cases of equine infections were recorded. In most of the years following 1941, South Dakota has reported a few confirmed cases of WEE infection in man and horses. An epidemic of eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) on a commercial pheasant farm in southeastern South Dakota in 1967 introduced a previously undiscovered arbovirus into the state. A preliminary survey of the mosquito vector population in the Brookings area in 1969 showed that the mosquito Culex tarsalis was one of the major species in the area. This species has been shown to be the major vector in the transmission of WEE to man and animals. The northward movement of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) into the United States necessitates a monitoring system in areas north of the VEE epidemic regions to detect introduction of the virus in these areas before an epidemic situation is created. A VEE monitoring system was established in South Dakota in 1971 following the epidemic cpizootic in Texas. The purpose of the present study was to determine the status of HEE and SLE in the human population and domestic and wild animals. The effects of irrigation on vector populations and infection indices under different environmental and ecological conditions which exist in South Dakota are discussed

Towards the Light, Midnight-Rodin's Balzac

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