SURADNJA IZMEĐU ZEMALJA KVADRILATERALE NA PODRUČJU STOČARSTVA – POČECI I PRESPEKTIVA

In this paper authors reviewed the history of the International Symposium „Animal Science Days” from the beginning up to now. After showing the antecedents of this scientific meeting the places and topics of the former symposiums were demonstrated. After reviewing the development of this event in the last 18 years, collaborations based on the quadrilateral cooperation of the partner universities were demonstrated. As results of these scientific cooperations common publications and also the importance of collaboration in the field of education were evaluated. For further collaborations the fields of common interests and also the internationally available funding were demonstrated. Based on this review it was concluded that “Animal Science Days” symposium contributed significantly to the scientific and educational life of each partner university and the agriculture of the Alps-Adriatic region. The partner universities have further possibilities to extend their collaborations, but a joint lobby for creating new funding possibilities would be a great help for them.U ovom radu prikazana je povijest odvijanja međunarodnog znanstvenog simpozija „Stočarski znanstveni dani” od njegovog početka do danas. Nakon prikaza samog početka ovog simpozija, pobrojana su mjesta i teme kojima su se bavili dosadašnji simpoziji. Također prikazana je suradnja između sveučilišta koja sudjeluju u organizaciji ovog simpozija. Kao rezultat te suradnje objavljen je velik broj zajedničkih publikacija te je naglašeno značenje suradnje u polju edukacije. Također su navedene područja moguće suradnje u budućnosti kao i mogućnosti korištenja međunarodnih izvora financiranja simpozija. na osnovu ovog pregleda može se zaključiti da „stočarski znanstveni dani” daju značajan doprinos poboljšanju znanstvene i nastavne kvalitete na partnerskim sveučilištima kao i poljoprivredi uopće na području regije Alpe –adira. Partnerska sveučilišta imaju mogućnosti proširenja suradnje, ali je pri tome potrebno zajedničko lobiranje za dobivanje sredstava koja bi im pomogla u tome

Relationships between reproduction parameters in dairy cows

The aim of the reproductive management of dairy farms is to keep low the days in milk (DIM). Milk production can be profitable only in that case. Calvings make only low DIM. From the economic point of view, to evaluate the amount of the calving is not simple because in many cases the insemination and the calving are not in the same year. We wanted to find a reproduction parameter, which is easy to record, available real time, and corrrelate well with other parameters. We collected reproduction data from 21 farms from 2016. Average numbers of cows, number of the ai (artificial insemination) in cows, number of cows pregnancies, open days (OD), service period (SP), time of first ai (TFAI), conception rate of first ai (CRFAI), conception rate of all ai (CRSAI) were collected. The number of the pregnant cows were grouped, pregancies under 120 days after calving -U120- and pregnancies above 200 -A200- days after calving. The economical effect of open days are well-known. OD correlated with the rate of the pregnancies under 120 days after calving (r = -0.802; P ≤ 0.001). The open days correlated with the rate of the pregnancis above 200 days after calving (r = 0.889; P ≤ 0.001). If the rate of U120 is high, the rate of pregnant cows (ROPC) will be high too (r = 0.611; P = 0.003). A200 is in negative relation with ROPC (r = -0.525; P = 0.015). OD correlated with TFAI (r = 0.562; P = 0.008). ROPC correlated with TFAI (r = -0.457; P = 0.037). OD correlated with SP (r = 0.778; P ≤ 0.001). SP is in negative correlation with CRFAI and CRSAI (r = - 0.577, P = 0.006; r = - 0.773, P ≤ 0.001). SP correlated with U120 and A200 (r= - 0.572, P = 0.007; r = 0.788 P ≤ 0.001). Our study shows that the rate of the pregnant cows are stasistically correlated with many important reproduction parameters. The measurement of the number of pregnant cows is easy, available real time and it has important economical effect on milk production. In summary, the number of pregnant cows is a useful parameter to evaluate the reproductive performance and current status of the farms

Élelmiszerek konjugált linolsav-tartalma, és annak mennyiségét befolyásoló tényezők = Conjugated linoleic acid content of foods and factors affecting its quantity

A kutatás első lépésében módszert dolgoztunk ki a konjugált linolsav izomerek gázkromatográfiás elválasztására, amit azonban csak rendkívül hosszú analízisidő mellett tudtunk megvalósítani. Ezért kidolgoztunk egy rövidebb módszert, mellyel a leggyakoribb izomert a c9,t11-KLS-t választjuk el a többi zsírsavszármazéktól. Elvégeztük mind a módszer, mind a mintaelőkészítés validálását és a későbbiekben ezt alkalmaztuk mintáink analízisére. Első kísérleteink között szerepelt a KLS antioxidáns hatásának vizsgálata egy modellkísérletben, ahol magas KLS-tartalmú gheet kevertünk kukoricadarához, és nyomonkövettük a keverák avasodásának folyamatát. Kutatásunk második szakaszában átfogó képet akartunk adni a különböző élelmiszerek, élelmiszeralapanyagok KLS-tartalmáról, illetve az azt befolyásoló tényezőkről. Meghatároztuk különböző kérődzők (szarvasmarha, kecske, juh, szarvas) húsának és tejének (kivéve szarvas) KLS-tartalmát. Nyomon követtük a tejel KLS-tartalmának változását a napszakok és az évszakok szerint.Vizsgáltuk hogyan változtatják meg a tejiparban alkalmazott baktérium kultúrák a tejalapanyag KLS-tartalmát a savanyítás során, illetve akkor, ha a kultúrák mellett linolsav kiegészítést is alkalmazunk. Sajtok esetén a tárolási idő függvényében határoztuk meg a KLS-tartalom alakulását. Egy Debrecenben folytatott kísérlethez kapcsolódóan emelt KLS-tartalmú sertéshúsokon vizsgáltuk, hogy a sütőközeg mennyiben befolyásolja a sült hús zsírsav-összetételét és KLS-tartalmát. | In the first step of the research we elaborated a method for the gas chromatographic separation of the conjugated linoleic acid isomers. This was, however, achievable with an extremely long analysis time, only. Therefore we elaborated a shorter method for the separation of the most common isomer c9,t11-CLA from the other fatty acids. We performed the validation of both the method and the sample preparation, and we applied this method for the analysis of our samples later on. One of our first experiments was the investigation of the antioxidant effect of CLA in a modelling experiment where ghee with high CLA content was added to maize grits and the ranciding of the mixture was monitored. In the second phase of our research we wanted to give an overall picture on CLA content of different foods and foodstuff raw materials, and on the factors affecting the CLA content, respectively. We determined the CLA content of meat and milk of different ruminants (cattle, goat, sheep) and that of game of deer. We monitored the change in the CLA content of milks due to the seasons. We examined how the CLA content of the milk raw material changed due to the bacterium cultures applied in the dairy industry during souring and due to the linoleic acid supplementation, respectively. In case of cheeses we determined the change of CLA content as a function of the storage time. We examined on the meat of pigs fed with feeding stuff with high CLA content how the frying medium affected the fatty acid composition and CLA content of the roast meat