Duplication-deletion with partial trisomy lq and partial monosomy 3p resulting from a maternal reciprocal translocation rcp (1;3) (q32;p25).

A mother with a translocation rcp (1;3) (q32;p25) gave birth to a son with duplication of 1q32 leads to qter and deletion of 3p25 leads to pter. At 17 1/2 years of age, the proband was severely mentally retarded and presented a pattern of multiple minor dysmorphic stigmata and anomalies, including hypertrichosis, synophrys, ocular hypertelorism, ptosis, convergent squint, cleft uvula nad narrow palate, poorly modelled auricles, funnel chest, kyphoscoliosis, umbilical and inguinal hernias, and cubitus valgus. He had normal stature and did not have any apparent malformations

Data from: Proto-cooperation: group hunting sailfish improve hunting success by alternating attacks on grouping prey

We present evidence of a novel form of group hunting. Individual sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) alternate attacks with other group members on their schooling prey (Sardinella aurita). While only 24% of attacks result in prey capture, multiple prey are injured in 95% of attacks, resulting in an increase of injured fish in the school with the number of attacks. How quickly prey are captured is positively correlated with the level of injury of the school, suggesting that hunters can benefit from other conspecifics' attacks on the prey. To explore this, we built a mathematical model capturing the dynamics of the hunt. We show that group hunting provides major efficiency gains (prey caught per unit time) for individuals in groups of up to 70 members. We also demonstrate that a free riding strategy, where some individuals wait until the prey are sufficiently injured before attacking, is only beneficial if the cost of attacking is high, and only then when waiting times are short. Our findings provide evidence that cooperative benefits can be realized through the facilitative effects of individuals' hunting actions without spatial coordination of attacks. Such ‘proto-cooperation’ may be the pre-cursor to more complex group-hunting strategies