The More Competent, the More Critical?

In the context of misinformation and inaccuracies in reporting, the knowledge and understanding of news production processes and conditions are crucial for news users’ perceptions of news content. However, research on the users’ perception of errors in news and the influence of corrections and individual factors is scarce. In two online experiments, we investigated the influence of corrections, newspaper type, and news media literacy on users’ perceptions of error severity and frequency. Corrections decreased the perceived severity of errors in both studies. News media literacy increased the perceived severity of errors in political news (Study 1) but not in sports news (Study 2). Further, news-literate users perceived errors in political news as more frequent. Newspaper type did not influence user perceptions. These results support the need for transparency and the importance of user characteristics – especially news media literacy – when studying perceptions of journalistic products

MR-guided radiotherapy for liver malignancies

MR guided radiotherapy represents one of the most promising recent technological innovations in the field. The possibility to better visualize therapy volumes, coupled with the innovative online adaptive radiotherapy and motion management approaches, paves the way to more efficient treatment delivery and may be translated in better clinical outcomes both in terms of response and reduced toxicity. The aim of this review is to present the existing evidence about MRgRT applications for liver malignancies, discussing the potential clinical advantages and the current pitfalls of this new technology

Large-Scale Biotechnological Production of the Antileukemic Marine Natural Product Sorbicillactone A

In the search for novel bioactive compounds from sponge-derived microorganisms, we have recently identified two structurally and biosynthetically unprecedented fungal metabolites, the novel-type alkaloids sorbicillactone A and sorbicillactone B. Sorbicillactone A is active against leukemia cells without showing notable cytotoxicity. Therefore, we have developed an efficient process for its biotechnological production and isolation on a large scale supplying sufficient material for the ongoing preclinical investigations and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies

Public and Private Maternal Health Service Capacity and Patient Flows in Southern Tanzania: Using a Geographic Information System to Link Hospital and National Census data.

Background : Strategies to improve maternal health in low-income countries are increasingly embracing partnership approaches between public and private stakeholders in health. In Tanzania, such partnerships are a declared policy goal. However, implementation remains challenging as unfamiliarity between partners and insufficient recognition of private health providers prevail. This hinders cooperation and reflects the need to improve the evidence base of private sector contribution. Objective : To map and analyse the capacities of public and private hospitals to provide maternal health care in southern Tanzania and the population reached with these services. Design : A hospital questionnaire was applied in all 16 hospitals (public n=10; private faith-based n=6) in 12 districts of southern Tanzania. Areas of inquiry included selected maternal health service indicators (human resources, maternity/delivery beds), provider-fees for obstetric services and patient turnover (antenatal care, births). Spatial information was linked to the 2002 Population Census dataset and a geographic information system to map patient flows and socio-geographic characteristics of service recipients. Results : The contribution of faith-based organizations (FBOs) to hospital maternal health services is substantial. FBO hospitals are primarily located in rural areas and their patient composition places a higher emphasis on rural populations. Also, maternal health service capacity was more favourable in FBO hospitals. We approximated that 19.9% of deliveries in the study area were performed in hospitals and that the proportion of c-sections was 2.7%. Mapping of patient flows demonstrated that women often travelled far to seek hospital care and where catchment areas of public and FBO hospitals overlap. Conclusions : We conclude that the important contribution of FBOs to maternal health services and capacity as well as their emphasis on serving rural populations makes them promising partners in health programming. Inclusive partnerships could increase integration of FBOs into the public health care system and improve coordination and use of scarce resources

Selbstbestimmt teilhaben in Altenpflegeeinrichtungen

Zusammenfassung Alte Menschen mit Hilfe- und Pflegebedarf, die in Altenpflegeeinrichtungen leben, haben nicht nur Anspruch auf eine qualitätsvolle medizinisch-pflegerische Versorgung, sondern explizit das Recht auf ein selbstbestimmtes Leben, das ihnen gesellschaftliche Teilhabe ermöglicht. Dazu verpflichten nicht zuletzt die Vorgaben der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention. Das anwendungs-orientierte Forschungsprojekt „Selbstbestimmt teilhaben in Altenpflegeeinrichtungen“ hat Voraussetzungen zur Verwirklichung der selbstbestimmten Teilhabe von Bewohner*innen in stationären Einrichtungen der Altenhilfe analysiert. Im Rahmen einer sequentiellen Mixed-Methods-Studie wurden u. a. Interviews mit Bewohner*innen, Angehörigen und Mitarbeiter*innen sowie teilnehmende Beobachtungen in ausgewählten Einrichtungen und eine NRW-weite Online-Befragung durchgeführt. So konnten erstmals fördernde und hemmende Faktoren auf Ebene der Bewohner*innen, Mitarbeiter*innen und Einrichtung identifiziert und wichtige Anforderungen an die Teilhabeförderung praxisnah in einem Musterrahmenkonzept aufbereitet werden. Abstract Elderly residents of nursing homes do not only have the right to receive high-quality medical and nursing care, but also and explicitly to lead an autonomous life that enables them to partic-ipate in society. This right is not least stipulated in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The application-based research project ‘Autonomous Participation in Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly’ analysed the prerequisites for realising elderly residents’ autonomous participation in their nursing homes. Within the framework of a sequential mixed methods study, the researchers conducted interviews with such residents, their relatives and care home staff, participatory observations in selected nursing homes and an online survey throughout North Rhine-Westphalia. As a result, they were able to identify factors which facilitate and restrict such participation from the perspectives of the residents, staff and the care home itself for the first time, and thus stipulate important requirements for the facilitation and implementation of participation within a framework model

Speech Communication

Contains research objectives and summary of research on six research projects and reports on three research projects.National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 RO1 NS04332-13)National Institutes of Health (Fellowship 1 F22 MH5825-01)National Institutes of Health (Grant 1 T32 NS07040-01)National Institutes of Health (Fellowship 1 F22 NS007960)National Institutes of Health (Fellowship 1 F22 HD019120)National Institutes of Health (Fellowship 1 F22 HD01919-01)U. S. Army (Contract DAAB03-75-C-0489)National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 RO1 NS04332-12

Speech Communication

Contains reports on two research projects.National Institutes of Health (Grant 2 ROl1 NS04332)National Institutes of Health (Training Grant 5 T32 NS07040)C.J. LeBel FellowshipsNational Science Foundation (Grant BNS77-26871

Errors in the News

In this project, we investigate the effects of corrections as well as trait forgiveness, media skepticism, and news media literacy on reactions to and perceptions of errors in journalistic products. Data for the manuscript "Forgiving the News: The Effects of Error Corrections on News Users’ Reactions and the Influence of Individual Characteristics and Perceptions " and the accompaying codebook are provided. Data for the manuscript "The more competent, the more critical? On the influence of news media literacy on perception of errors in news " and the accompaying codebook are provided