Trace Metals and Major Elements in Water-Soluble Rocks of Northwest Arkansas

Trace metals in limestone are potential water contaminants because they can enter the ground water when the limestone is dissolved by carbonic acid and other naturally occurring acids. Four local limestones, the St. Joe and Pitkin Formations (Mississippian) and the Brentwood and Kessler Members of the Bloyd Formation (Pennsylvanian) were sampled in a five county area in Northwest Arkansas. Atomic absorption analyses were made for Na, K, Mg, Ca, Zh, Cu, Ba, Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Mn, Li and Sr on the acid soluble material of the samples. All the limestones are relatively pure CaCO3 with Pitkin the purest, 93.4%. Calcium and acid soluble material values varied only 3-5% from the average among the limestones whereas 71-108% variation occurred for Fe, Mn, K and Cr. Other elements showed intermediate variations. Only Fe and Mn are present on the average in the limestones at concentration levels which might lead to contamination of ground water to undesirably high levels. Analyses compare well with the reported average limestone except for acid insoluble elements which were not dissolved in our scheme and lithium (1.5 ppm average vs 20 in reference). Ratios of Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca were similar to reported values for limestones of comparable geologic age. Maxima in the areal variation of these ratios occurred at about the same latitude for three of the formations. The areal variation of Fe/Ca and Mn/Ca was also determined for the four limestone formations. Interelement correlations in the limestones showed: Na, Sr, Li, Fe and Zn contents increased with Mg content; Mn and Cr increased with Fe content. Indications were obtained that detrital and other materials not in the calcite structure can be determined by their relative insolubility in acetic acid compared to hydrochloric acid

Scanning micro-raman spectroscopy on carbon-rich residues of primitive chondrites: A tool for chondrite classification and stardust analysis

We present results obtained by Raman spectroscopy of various organic residues of primitive chondrites in order to better characterize the microstructural state of the organic matter. These results will be correlated with the petographic classification of the chondrites

Development of neutron activation analysis procedures for the determination of oxygen in potassium final report, period ending 15 dec. 1964

Neutron activation analysis for determination of oxygen in potassiu

A preliminary assessment of small steam Rankine and Brayton point-focusing solar modules

A preliminary assessment of three conceptual point-focusing distributed solar modules is presented. The basic power conversion units consist of small Brayton or Rankine engines individually coupled to two-axis, tracking, point-focusing solar collectors. An array of such modules can be linked together, via electric transport, to form a small power station. Each module also can be utilized on a stand-alone basis, as an individual power source

Urban climate justice: creating sustainable pathways for humans and other species

Within the current climate of change (environmental, economic and social) what constitutes 'justice' is continually shifting in relation to vulnerable people, places and species. This is most acute in cities, where the majority of people now live and the need to create new pathways of co-existence between humans and other species has been recognized. The convergence of rapid urbanization and anthropogenic climate change has had disproportionately negative effects on the urban poor and those most marginalised (human and non-human). This paper provides a critical overview of the emergent field of urban climate justice which focuses on the complex links between environmental sustainability, human vulnerability and biodiversity loss in the natural environment. This is an interdisciplinary agenda demanding new forms of sustainability research and practical engagement underpinned by calls for a more integrated approach to eco-social justice principles around human and other species equity in cities

Transillumination imaging through scattering media by use of photorefractive polymers

We demonstrate the use of a near-infrared-sensitive photorefractive polymer with high efficiency for imaging through scattering media, using an all-optical holographic time gate. Imaging through nine scattering mean free paths is performed at 800 nm with a mode-locked continuous-wave Ti:sapphire laser

Dilepton and Photon Emission Rates from a Hadronic Gas

We analyze the dilepton and photon emission rates from a hadronic gas using chiral reduction formulas and a virial expansion. The emission rates are reduced to pertinent vacuum correlation functions, most of which can be assessed from experiment. Our results indicate that in the low mass region, the dilepton and photon rates are enhanced compared to most of the calculations using chiral Lagrangians. The enhancement is further increased through a finite pion chemical potential. An estimate of the emission rates is also made using Haag's expansion for the electromagnetic current. The relevance of these results to dilepton and photon emission rates in heavy-ion collisions is discussed.Comment: 7 pages, LaTeX using revTeX, 6 figures imbedded in text. Figures slightly changed, text left unchange

The impact of population-based faecal occult blood test screening on colorectal cancer mortality:a matched cohort study

BACKGROUND: Randomised trials show reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality with faecal occult blood testing (FOBT). This outcome is now examined in a routine, population-based, screening programme. METHODS: Three biennial rounds of the UK CRC screening pilot were completed in Scotland (2000–2007) before the roll out of a national programme. All residents (50–69 years) in the three pilot Health Boards were invited for screening. They received a FOBT test by post to complete at home and return for analysis. Positive tests were followed up with colonoscopy. Controls, selected from non-pilot Health Boards, were matched by age, gender, and deprivation and assigned the invitation date of matched invitee. Follow-up was from invitation date to 31 December 2009 or date of death if earlier. RESULTS: There were 379 655 people in each group (median age 55.6 years, 51.6% male). Participation was 60.6%. There were 961 (0.25%) CRC deaths in invitees, 1056 (0.28%) in controls, rate ratio (RR) 0.90 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83–0.99) overall and 0.73 (95% CI 0.65–0.82) for participants. Non-participants had increased CRC mortality compared with controls, RR 1.21 (95% CI 1.06–1.38). CONCLUSION: There was a 10% relative reduction in CRC mortality in a routine screening programme, rising to 27% in participants

Parallel pull flow: A new lean production design

This case study is #2 in a series of studies that relate specifically to the development and application of lean manufacturing techniques for the furniture and wood component supplying industries. Case study #2 is an example of how productivity can be increased in a furniture manufacturing organization by using a new lean production design termed Parallel Pull Flow (PPF). This case study provides information about lean manufacturing and how a lean manufacturing system can be implemented, followed by a detailed case study of a furniture manufacturing company’s adoption of a new final assembly PPF lean production system