1,668 research outputs found
Friction and the oscillatory motion of granular flows
This contribution reports on numerical simulations of 2D granular flows on
erodible beds. The broad aim is to investigate whether simple flows of model
granular matter exhibits spontaneous oscillatory motion in generic flow
conditions, and in this case, whether the frictional properties of the contacts
between grains may affect the existence or the characteristics of this
oscillatory motion. The analysis of different series of simulations show that
the flow develops an oscillatory motion with a well-defined frequency which
increases like the inverse of the velocity's square root. We show that the
oscillation is essentially a surface phenomena. The amplitude of the
oscillation is higher for lower volume fractions, and can thus be related to
the flow velocity and grains friction properties. The study of the influence of
the periodic geometry of the simulation cell shows no significant effect. These
results are discussed in relation to sonic sands.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure
Study of the collapse of granular columns using DEM numerical simulation
Numerical simulations of the collapse and spreading of granular columns onto
an horizontal plane using the Contact Dynamics method are presented. The final
shape of the deposit seems to depend only on the aspect ratio of the
columns; these results are in good agreement with previous experimental work.
In particular, the renormalised runout distance shows a power law dependence on
the aspect ratio , which is incompatible with a simple friction model. The
dynamics of the collapse is shown to be mostly controlled by the free fall of
the column. The energy dissipation at the base of the column can be described
simply by a coefficient of restitution. Hence the energy available for the
sideways flow is proportional to the initial potential energy . The
dissipation process within the flow is well approximated by basal friction,
contrary to the behaviour of the runout distance. The mass ejected sideways is
showned to play a determining role in the spreading process. As increases,
the same fraction of initial potential energy drives more mass against
friction. This additional dissipation give a possible explanation for power-law
dependence of the runout distance on . Beyond the frictional properties of
the material, we show that the flow characteristics strongly depend on the
early dynamics of the collapse. We propose a new scaling for the runout
distance that matches the data well, is compatible with a friction model, and
provide a qualitative explanation to the column collapse phenomenology.Comment: 15 pages, 22 Figure
Friction vs Texture at the Approach of a Granular Avalanche
We perform a novel analysis of the granular texture of a granular bed close
to stability limit. Our analysis is based on a unique criterion of friction
mobilisation in a simulated two-dimensional packing. In this way, we recover
the bimodal character of granular texture, and the coexistence of weak and
strong phases in the sense of distinct contacts populations. Moreover, we show
the existence of a well-defined subset of contacts within the weak contact
network. These contacts are characterized by their important friction, and form
a highly coherent population in terms of fabric. They play an antagonistic role
with respect to force chains. We are thus able to discriminate between
incoherent contacts and coherent contacts in the weak phase, and to specify the
role that the latter plays in the destabilisation process.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure
Continuum simulation of the discharge of the granular silo: a validation test for the mu(I)-visco-plastic flow law
Using both a continuum Navier-Stokes solver, with the mu(I)-flow-law
implemented to model the viscous behavior, and the discrete Contact Dynamics
algorithm, the discharge of granular silos is simulated in two dimensions from
the early stages of the discharge until complete release of the material. In
both cases, the Beverloo scaling is recovered. We first do not attempt
quantitative comparison, but focus on the qualitative behavior of velocity and
pressure at different locations in the flow. A good agreement is obtained in
the regions of rapid flows, while areas of slow creep are not entirely captured
by the continuum model. The pressure field shows a general good agreement. The
evolution of the free surface implies differences, however, the bulk
deformation is essentially identical in both approaches. The influence of the
parameters of the mu(I)-flow-law is systematically investigated, showing the
importance of the dependence on the inertial number I to achieve quantitative
agreement between continuum and discrete discharge. The general ability of the
continuum model to reproduce qualitatively the granular behavior is found to be
very encouraging.Comment: 12 pages, 15 figure
Les Hors nature i La Jongleuse autorstwa Rachilde: między realistycznym przedstawieniem a zobrazowaniem niemożliwego
The style of Rachilde which abounds in picturesque comparison invites a reader to examine her use of hypotyposis. Two of her novels: Les Hors Nature and La Jongleuse offer particularly interesting examples of this figure, both of them mainly in erotically uninhibited scenes. Because of the bowdlerisation of the time, while impressing the reader's imagination with the power of images, Rachilde had to avoid clear wording and resort to suggestion. That’s why many rhetorical figures: ellipses, circumlocutions, metaphors blur the clarity of description, which according to Yves Le Bozec makes one of the formal features of hypotypose. The aim of this paper is to analyse the construction of this figure in Rachilde's literary output. — On the other hand, the scenes in question were designed to illustrate the concept of ideal love – the impossible one – that the novelist develops in her works. Crossing the limits of the theoretical discourse, the protagonists direct their own performances, watched by the stunned and outraged viewers. This way of presentation enhances the hypotypotique effect. The reactions of eyewitnesses replace the phrases designed to encourage the audience to observe the scene. Such phrases are common in theatrical hypotyposis. This interweaving is designed to impress the reader deeply. — However, the question arises whether Rachilde, despite her primary axiological intention, did not succumb to the temptation to provoke the public with shocking images, and whether the strength of her hypotyposis does not remain, in the end, one of her major achievements.Pełen obrazowych porównań styl Rachilde zachęca do przyjrzenia się występujących w jej powieściach hypotypozom. Ciekawe przykłady tej figury spotykamy w dwóch utworach: Les Hors nature i La Jongleuse. W obu przypadkach chodzi o sceny odważne erotycznie. Ze względu na cenzurę obyczajową Rachilde musi jednocześnie działać na wyobraźnię czytelnika siłą swoich obrazów, unikać jasnych sformułowań i uciekać się do sugestii. Liczne figury stylistyczne: elipsy, peryfrazy, metafory, zaburzają jasny przekaz, który, według Yves’a Le Bozeca, stanowi jeden ze składników hypotypozy. Artykuł stawia sobie zatem za cel omówienie budowy tej figury u Rachilde. — Z drugiej jednak strony wybrane sceny mają posłużyć jako demonstracja teorii miłości idealnej – niemożliwej – którą powieściopisarka zawarła w swoich powieściach. Wykraczając poza ramy teoretycznego dyskursu, bohaterowie reżyserują swoje wystąpienia na oczach zamarłych z oburzenia widzów. Ten rodzaj przestawienia teatralnego wzmacnia efekt hypotypozy, a reakcje świadków naocznych zastępują zwroty zachęcające do przyjrzenia się scenie, częste w hypotypozach teatralnych. Tego rodzaju połączenie ma głęboko wstrząsnąć czytelnikiem. — Ostatecznie warto się zastanowić, czy Rachilde, niezależnie od pierwotnych zamierzeń aksjologicznych, nie uległa pokusie prowokacji za pomocą szokujących obrazów i czy potęga stworzonych przez nią hypotypoz nie stanowi ostatecznie jednego z jej podstawowych osiągnięć
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Free time activities of gifted adolescents at a residential high school
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