Optical microsphere resonators: optimal coupling to high-Q whispering gallery modes

A general model is presented for coupling of high-$Q$ whispering-gallery modes in optical microsphere resonators with coupler devices possessing discrete and continuous spectrum of propagating modes. By contrast to conventional high-Q optical cavities, in microspheres independence of high intrinsic quality-factor and controllable parameters of coupling via evanescent field offer variety of regimes earlier available in RF devices. The theory is applied to the earlier-reported data on different types of couplers to microsphere resonators and complemented by experimental demonstration of enhanced coupling efficiency (about 80%) and variable loading regimes with Q>10^8 fused silica microspheres.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

Epidemiology and significance of malnutrition among outpatients with heart failure

To assess the prevalence and identify markers of malnutrition in outpatients with chronic heart failure (CHF

Trends in premature avertable mortality from non-communicable diseases for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: A population-based study

Background: The reduction by a third of premature non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality by 2030 is the ambitious target of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.4. However, the indicator is narrowly defined, including only four major NCDs (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases) and only for people aged 30–70 years. This study focuses on premature avertable mortality from NCDs—premature deaths caused by NCDs that could be prevented through effective public policies and health interventions or amenable to high-quality health care—to assess trends at global, regional, and national levels using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017. Methods: We reviewed existing lists of NCD causes of death that are either preventable through public health policies and interventions or amenable to health care to create a list of avertable NCD causes of death, which was mapped to the GBD cause list. We estimated age-standardised years of life lost (YLL) per 100 000 population due to premature avertable mortality from NCDs, avertable NCD cause clusters, and non-avertable NCD causes by sex, location, and year and reported their 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We examined trends in age-standardised YLL due to avertable and non-avertable NCDs, assessed the progress of premature avertable mortality from NCDs in achieving SDG 3.4, and explored specific avertable NCD cause clusters that could make a substantial contribution to overall trends in premature mortality. Findings: Globally, premature avertable mortality from NCDs for both sexes combined declined −1·3% (95% UI −1·4 to −1·2) per year, from 12 855 years (11 809 to 14 051) in 1990 to 9008 years (8329 to 9756) in 2017. However, the absolute number of avertable NCD deaths increased 49·3% (95% UI 47·3 to 52·2) from 23·1 million (22·0–24·1) deaths in 1990 to 34·5 million (33·4 to 35·6) in 2017. Premature avertable mortality from NCDs reduced in every WHO region and in most countries and territories between 1990 and 2017. Despite these reductions, only the Western Pacific and European regions and 25 countries (most of which are high-income countries) are on track to achieve SDG target 3.4. Since 2017, there has been a global slowdown in the reduction of premature avertable mortality from NCDs. In 2017, high premature avertable mortality from NCDs was clustered in low-income and middle-income countries, mainly in the South-East Asia region, Eastern Mediterranean region, and African region. Most countries with large annual reductions in such mortality between 1990 and 2017 had achieved low levels of premature avertable mortality from NCDs by 2017. Some countries, the most populous examples being Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, Uzbekistan, Haiti, Mongolia, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, Ukraine, Laos, and Egypt, reported both an upward trend and high levels of premature avertable mortality from NCDs. Cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases have been the main drivers of the global and regional reduction in premature avertable mortality from NCDs, whereas premature mortality from substance use disorders, chronic kidney disease and acute glomerulonephritis, and diabetes have been increasing. Interpretation: Worldwide, there has been a substantial reduction in premature avertable mortality from NCDs, but progress has been uneven across populations. Countries vary substantially in current levels and trends and, hence, the extent to which they are on track to achieve SDG 3.4. By accounting for premature avertable mortality while avoiding arbitrary age cutoffs, premature avertable mortality from NCDs is a robust, comprehensive, and actionable indicator for quantifying and monitoring global and national progress towards NCD prevention and control. Funding: None

История и преемственность

History and Continuity.75 лет назад была учреждена Академия медицинских наук СССР, за этот период она дважды была реорганизована — сначала в Российскую академию медицинских наук, потом в Отделение медицинских наук Российской академии наук. Мы поинтересовались у академика-секретаря ОМН РАН и главного редактора журнала «Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук» академика РАН Владимира Ивановича Стародубова, как бы он оценил эти преобразования, что важного в них он бы отметил и удалось ли сохранить преемственность учреждений

Clinical-functional changes of myocardium after percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with chronic heart failure

The study aimed to evaluate the results of clinical and functional changes in the left ventricular myocardium in patients with CHF after transluminal balloon angioplasty (TLBAP) of the coronary arteries with stenting of the coronary arteries during the observed period and to study the safety of surgical intervention in these patients. The study showed a statistically significant decrease in the functional class of CHF after percutaneous coronary intervention, followed by an improvement in the diastolic function (E/A) of the LV in the course of the observed perio

Clinical-functional changes of myocardium after percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with chronic heart failure

The article shows the results of clinical and functionalchanges in the myocardium in patientswith chronic heart failure (CHF) after the percutaneouscoronary intervention (PCI). The study aimedto evaluate the results of clinical and functional changesin the left ventricular myocardium in patients with CHFafter transluminal balloon angioplasty (TLBAP) of thecoronary arteries with stenting of the coronary arteriesduring the observed period and to study the safety of surgicalintervention in these patients. During the year, 96patients with chronic heart disease (CHD) were observedin the age range from 40 to 70 years who had CHF I,IIA, IIB stages, from I to III functional class. All patientswith clinical indications and coronary angiography (CAG)data were routinely performed TLBAP with stenting ofa symptom-dependent coronary artery with appropriatemedication. The study showed a statistically significantdecrease in the functional class of CHF after percutaneouscoronary intervention, followed by an improvement inthe diastolic function (E/A) of the LV in the course of theobserved period