217 research outputs found
The Eulerian Distribution on Involutions is Indeed Unimodal
Let I_{n,k} (resp. J_{n,k}) be the number of involutions (resp. fixed-point
free involutions) of {1,...,n} with k descents. Motivated by Brenti's
conjecture which states that the sequence I_{n,0}, I_{n,1},..., I_{n,n-1} is
log-concave, we prove that the two sequences I_{n,k} and J_{2n,k} are unimodal
in k, for all n. Furthermore, we conjecture that there are nonnegative integers
a_{n,k} such that This statement is stronger than
the unimodality of I_{n,k} but is also interesting in its own right.Comment: 12 pages, minor changes, to appear in J. Combin. Theory Ser.
The Early Evolution of Massive Stars: Radio Recombination Line Spectra
Velocity shifts and differential broadening of radio recombination lines are
used to estimate the densities and velocities of the ionized gas in several
hypercompact and ultracompact HII regions. These small HII regions are thought
to be at their earliest evolutionary phase and associated with the youngest
massive stars. The observations suggest that these HII regions are
characterized by high densities, supersonic flows and steep density gradients,
consistent with accretion and outflows that would be associated with the
formation of massive stars.Comment: ApJ in pres
Resolving the Structure and Kinematics of the Youngest HII Regions and Radio Jets from Young Stellar Objects
In this contribution we explore the new science that a Next Generation Very
Large Array (ngVLA) would be able to perform on the topics of the youngest HII
regions and (proto)stellar jets. Free-free continuum and radio recombination
line (RRL) emission are often the only way of peering into the dense envelopes
surrounding (proto)stars of all masses, and trace their initial feedback in the
form of `radio jets', `hypercompact HII regions', or photoevaporating,
partially-ionized flows. Properly disentangling free-free from dust emission is
also mandatory in studies of protoplanetary and accretion disks. Current VLA
research has reached an impasse in which a population of faint ionized radio
sources, probably corresponding to the above mentioned objects, is detected,
but their nature is mostly unknown. The ngVLA would allow us to resolve the
density structure and kinematics of such sources, revolutionizing our knowledge
of star formation across the entire stellar-mass spectrum.Comment: An ngVLA Science Book chapter. v2 includes a few modifications in
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