A 3D Monte Carlo Photoionization Code for Modeling Diffuse Ionized Gas

We have developed a three dimensional Monte Carlo photoionization code tailored for the study of Galactic H II regions and the percolation of ionizing photons in diffuse ionized gas. We describe the code, our calculation of photoionization, heating & cooling, and the approximations we have employed for the low density H II regions we wish to study. Our code gives results in agreement with the Lexington H II region benchmarks. We show an example of a 2D shadowed region and point out the very significant effect that diffuse radiation produced by recombinations of helium has on the temperature within the shadow.Comment: MNRAS accepte

Evolutionarily diverse origins of deformed wing viruses in western honey bees

Novel transmission routes can allow infectious diseases to spread, often with devastating consequences. Ectoparasitic varroa mites vector a diversity of RNA viruses, having switched hosts from the eastern to western honey bees (Apis cerana to Apis mellifera). They provide an opportunity to explore how novel transmission routes shape disease epidemiology. As the principal driver of the spread of deformed wing viruses (mainly DWV-A and DWV-B), varroa infestation has also driven global honey bee health declines. The more virulent DWV-B strain has been replacing the original DWV-A strain in many regions over the past two decades. Yet, how these viruses originated and spread remains poorly understood. Here, we use a phylogeographic analysis based on whole-genome data to reconstruct the origins and demography of DWV spread. We found that, rather than reemerging in western honey bees after varroa switched hosts, as suggested by previous work, DWV-A most likely originated in East Asia and spread in the mid-20th century. It also showed a massive population size expansion following the varroa host switch. By contrast, DWV-B was most likely acquired more recently from a source outside East Asia and appears absent from the original varroa host. These results highlight the dynamic nature of viral adaptation, whereby a vector's host switch can give rise to competing and increasingly virulent disease pandemics. The evolutionary novelty and rapid global spread of these host-virus interactions, together with observed spillover into other species, illustrate how increasing globalization poses urgent threats to biodiversity and food security

CHURG STRAUSS SINDROM KOD ŠESNAESTOGODIŠNJE DJEVOJČICE

Churg Strauss-ov sindrom je sistemski vaskulitis koji karakterišu eozinofilija, ekstravaskularnenekrotizirajuće granulacije i eozinofilna infiltracija više organa osobito pluća, probavnog trakta, bubrega, kože i srca.Bolest je vrlo rijetka kod djece

PANDAS SY (PEDIJATRIJSKI AUTOIMUNI NEUROPSIHIJATRIJSKI POREMEĆAJ UDRUŽEN SA STREPTOKOKNOM INFEKCIJOM)

Pedijatrijski autoimuni neuropsihijatrijski poremećaj udružen sa streptokoknominfekcijom (PANDAS) je grupa oboljenja, definisana u skorije vrijeme a koja se manifestujeneurološkim i neuropsihijatrijskim manifestacijama: hiperaktivnost, promjeneraspoloženja, tik, opsesivno-kompulzivni poremećaj, psihoza i dr. Cilj je opisati kliničkemanifestacije, terapijski pristup, laboratorijske analize, klinički tok i ishod kod dječakasa PANDAS sindromom