Can Y(4140) be a ccˉssˉc \bar c s \bar s tetraquark ?

In this exploratory study the spectrum of tetraquarks of type $c \bar c s \bar s$ is calculated within a simple quark model with chromomagnetic interaction and effective quark masses extracted from meson and baryon spectra. It is tempting to see if this spectrum can accommodate the resonance Y(4140), observed by the CDF collaboration, but not yet confirmed. The results seem to favour the J$^{PC}$ = 1$^{++}$ sector where the coupling to the VV channel is nearly as small as that of X(3872), when described as a $c \bar c q \bar q$ tetraquark. This suggests that Y(4140) could possibly be the strange partner of X(3872), in a tetraquark interpretation. However the sector J$^{PC}$ = 0$^{++}$ cannot entirely be excluded. This work questions the practice of extracting effective quark masses containing spin independent contributions, from mesons and baryons, to be used in multiquark systems as well.Comment: new additional parts, published versio

Highly excited negative parity baryons in the 1/Nc1/N_c expansion

The masses of experimentally known highly excited baryons of negative parity supposed to belong to the $[{\bf 70},\ell^-]$ multiplets ($\ell$ = 1,2,3) of the $N = 3$ band are calculated in the $1/N_c$ expansion method to order $1/N_c$ by using a procedure which allows to considerably reduce the number of linearly independent operators entering the mass formula. The numerical fits to present data show that the coefficients encoding the QCD dynamics have large, comparable values, for the flavor and spin operators. It implies that these operators contribute dominantly to the flavor-spin SU(6) symmetry breaking, like for the $[{\bf 70},1^-]$ multiplet of the $N = 1$ band.Comment: 15 pages, accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.

On a three-body confinement force in hadron spectroscopy

Recently it has been argued that a three-body colour confinement interaction can affect the stability condition of a three-quark system and the spectrum of a tetraquark described by any constituent quark model. Here we discuss the role of a three-body colour confinement interaction in a simple quark model and present some of its implications for the spectra of baryons, tetraquarks and six-quark systems.Comment: 19 pages (RevTeX), addition of new material regarding the NN interaction, more accurate discussion of the baryonic case, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Food security and migration in Africa: A validation of theoretical links using case studies from literature

The connection between food security and migration is increasingly discussed by both international agencies and academic literature. However, despite several improvements, we continue to know little about the complex causal-effect relations that link these aspects and, in particular, how much migration patterns are affected by food security issues and how much, as a feedback, migration can affect food security, on both the origin and destination areas. This paper aims firstly to draw a general framework of this nexus and then to validate it using empirical literature on the African continent. A few common points can be emphasized for the continent: due to structural and familiar characteristics, different strategies based on opportunity costs or risk minimization (including food security aspects) may emerge; individuals often migrate following household strategies; multi-nodal households are emerging; land grabbing and land tenure security represent important drivers to be considered; emergencies or critical situations often cause the erosion of women rights. In many situations, the poverty trap prevents most food insecure households to leave marginal lands

The Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction in a Chiral Constituent Quark Model

We study the short-range nucleon-nucleon interaction in a chiral constituent quark model by diagonalizing a Hamiltonian comprising a linear confinement and a Goldstone boson exchange interaction between quarks. The six-quark harmonic oscillator basis contains up to two excitation quanta. We show that the highly dominant configuration is $\mid s^4p^2[42]_O [51]_{FS}>$ due to its specific flavour-spin symmetry. Using the Born-Oppenheimer approximation we find a strong effective repulsion at zero separation between nucleons in both $^3S_1$ and $^1S_0$ channels. The symmetry structure of the highly dominant configuration implies the existence of a node in the S-wave relative motion wave function at short distances. The amplitude of the oscillation of the wave function at short range will be however strongly suppressed. We discuss the mechanism leading to the effective short-range repulsion within the chiral constituent quark model as compared to that related with the one-gluon exchange interaction.Comment: 31 pages, LaTe

NN interaction in a Goldstone boson exchange model

Adiabatic nucleon-nucleon potentials are calculated in a six-quark nonrelativistic chiral constituent quark model where the Hamiltonian contains a linear confinement and a pseudoscalar meson (Goldstone boson) exchange interaction between quarks. Calculations are performed both in a cluster model and a molecular orbital basis, through coupled channels. In both cases the potentials present an important hard core at short distances, explained through the dominance of the [51]_{FS} configuration, but do not exhibit an attractive pocket. We add a scalar meson exchange interaction and show how it can account for some middle-range attraction.Comment: 32 pages with 12 eps figures incorporated, RevTeX. Final version published in PR

Strange Decays of Nonstrange Baryons

The strong decays of excited nonstrange baryons into the final states Lambda K, Sigma K, and for the first time into Lambda(1405) K, Lambda(1520) K, Sigma(1385) K, Lambda K*, and Sigma K*, are examined in a relativized quark pair creation model. The wave functions and parameters of the model are fixed by previous calculations of N pi and N pi pi, etc., decays. Our results show that it should be possible to discover several new negative parity excited baryons and confirm the discovery of several others by analyzing these final states in kaon production experiments. We also establish clear predictions for the relative strengths of certain states to decay to Lambda(1405) K and Lambda(1520) K, which can be tested to determine if a three-quark model of the Lambda(1405) K is valid. Our results compare favorably with the results of partial wave analyses of the limited existing data for the Lambda K and Sigma K channels. We do not find large Sigma K decay amplitudes for a substantial group of predicted and weakly established negative-parity states, in contrast to the only previous work to consider decays of these states into the strange final states Lambda K and Sigma K.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures, RevTe

On the consistent solution of the gap--equation for spontaneously broken λΦ4\lambda \Phi^4-theory

We present a self--consistent solution of the finite temperature gap--equation for $\lambda \Phi^4$ theory beyond the Hartree-Fock approximation using a composite operator effective action. We find that in a spontaneously broken theory not only the so--called daisy and superdaisy graphs contribute to the resummed mass, but also resummed non--local diagrams are of the same order, thus altering the effective mass for small values of the latter.Comment: 15 pages of revtex + 3 uuencoded postscript figures, ENSLAPP A-488/9

MiniBooNE

The physics motivations, design, and status of the Booster Neutrino Experiment at Fermilab, MiniBooNE, are briefly discussed. Particular emphasis is given on the ongoing preparatory work that is needed for the MiniBooNE muon neutrino to electron neutrino oscillation appearance search. This search aims to confirm or refute in a definitive and independent way the evidence for neutrino oscillations reported by the LSND experiment.Comment: 3 pages, no figures, to appear in the proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP 2005), Zaragoza, Spain, 10-14 Sep 200

Effect of Tensor Correlations on Gamow-Teller States in 90Zr and 208Pb

The tensor terms of the Skyrme effective interaction are included in the self-consistent Hartree-Fock plus Random Phase Approximation (HF+RPA) model. The Gamow-Teller (GT) strength function of 90Zr and 208Pb are calculated with and without the tensor terms. The main peaks are moved downwards by about 2 MeV when including the tensor contribution. About 10% of the non-energy weighted sum rule is shifted to the excitation energy region above 30 MeV by the RPA tensor correlations. The contribution of the tensor terms to the energy weighted sum rule is given analytically, and compared to the outcome of RPA.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures,2 table