Pogodnost vestibularnih površina donjih očnjaka za prihvatanje retencionih elemenata parcijalne skeletirane proteze

Lower canines often appear as abutment teeth of partially edentulous dental arch. Crown contours of these teeth are mostly inconvenient for placing clasps. The convex vestibular surfaces with sufficient undercuts for placing retention elements are obligatory on lower canines but it is not common case. Aim of this paper was to confirm a high frequency of inexistence of buccomesial and buccodistal undercuts of the lower canines. Measuring of buccomesial and buccodistal undercuts on abutment lower canines was preformed on 50 diagnostic casts of lower jaw, belonging to Kennedy class I, where the canine was a border of shortened dental arch. For this procedure paralelometar Unit „Degussa" with a special measuring device was used. The undercut depth could be read directly within a range of 0-1.0 mm. Results show that unprepared lower canines have poor possibilities for retention removable partial denture with clasps. Our positive clinical experiences in recontouring vestibular surfaces of the abutment teeth point to two methods of making an artificial undercut: non-invasive (making an artificial undercut using composite materials) and invasive (using modified fixed restorations). Considering fact that vestibular surfaces of lower canines as abutment teeth are in most cases without undercuts, recontouring of this surfaces in almost all occasions is necessity. If vestibular undercuts don't exist, non-invasive techniques should always have advantiges to invasive techniques. The vestibular surfaces of abutment teeth might be recontoured by using non-invasive techniques with minimal destruction of integrity of teeth. Lately, the composite materials are used for forming artificial undercut.Donji očnjaci ce često pojavljuju kao retencioni zubi kod krezubih bolesnika sa skraćenim zubnim nizom. Oblik krune ovih zuba često nije pogodan za postavljanje livenih kukica, jer vestibularne površine ovih zuba uglavnom ne pokazuju dovoljnu podminiranost. Cilj ovog rada je da se utvrdi učestalost nepostojanja bukomezijalne i bukodistalne podminiranosti na donjim očnjacima. Merenje bukomezijalne i bukodistalne podminiranosti na donjim očnjacima obavljeno je na 50 radnih modela donje vilice klase Kenedi I, kod kojih su očnjaci predstavljali granicu skraćenog zubnog niza. Za ovu proceduru korišćen je paralelometar Unit „Degussa" sa mikroanalizatorom, koji poseduje mogućnost merenja dubine podminiranosti od 0 do 1,0 mm. Rezultati pokazuju da nepripremljeni donji očnjaci imaju male mogućnosti za retenciju parcijalne skeletirane proteze livenim kukicama. Imajući u vidu činjenicu da vestibularne površine donjih očnjaka često ne pokazuju dovoljnu vestibularnu podminiranost, preoblikovanje ovih površina je u tom slučaju neophodno

Određivanje boje zuba kod pasa

Tooth color depends on hard tooth tissue structures, above all dentine, and is genetically determinated. Nutritive habits and nutrition patterns during the lifetime can influence the change of crystal structure of enamel and dentine and consequently tooth color. The purpose of this research is to determine the color of dog teeth and to compare it to human tooth color. Standardized color key was used, thus overcoming all three color parameters: main color - hue, satiate - chroma and brightness - value. The obtained results show that both colors of dog and human teeth belong to the same spectrum. Dog teeth more frequently have a darker color which can be connected to the fact that their teeth are more worn and consequently a more intensive diffusion process is undergoing due to the changes in crystal structure because of the newly formed bondings of organic molecules into the crystal structure of the enamel.Boja zuba zavisi od sastava tvrdih zubnih tkiva, pre svega dentina i genetski je određena. Obrazac ishrane i nutritivne navike mogu u toku života putem difuzije uticati na promenu kristalne strukture gleđi i dentina a posledično i na boju zuba. Cilj rada je utvrditi boju zuba pasa i uporediti je sa bojom zuba ljudi. Korišćen je standardizovan ključ za boje kojim je moguće obuhvatiti određivanje sva tri parametra boje: osnovnu boju - hue, zasićenost - chroma i svetlinu - value. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da boja zuba i pasa i ljudi u najvećem broju slučajeva pripada istom spektru. Kod pasa su zastupljenije tamnije nijanse, što se dovodi u vezu sa većom abradiranošću površina njihovih zuba i intenzivnijom difuzijom i promenama dimenzija kristalne rešetke zbog vezivanja organskih delova molekula u strukturi kristala gleđi

Retencija parcijalne proteze sa dvostrukim krunama

The aim of this paper is to explain the mechanisms of retention with double crowns, examine the possibility of improving the process of measuring the forces of separating double crowns and suggest the measures for optimizing the retention forces with telescopic partial dentures. After the manufacturing of a partial denture with double crowns, it can only be established whether if the retention force is strong enough or not, but its nominal value remains unknown. Optimally it should be between 5 and 10N per anchor. Too strong retention force of partial denture causes traumatic damages of periodontal tissues, when taking the denture off, while not enough strong retention force doesn't connect the partial denture to the supporting tissues tightly enough. The paper describes the mechanism of retention with telescope and conus crowns and the way of measuring the force of their separation. For the purpose of optimizing the retention force, the ways of reducing exceedingly strong and increasing insufficient force were described. The necessity of being acquainted with the nominal value of the retention force of telescopic denture and its bringing to within the borders of optimal force is stressed in the conclusion.Cilj ovog rada je objasniti mehanizme retencije kod dvostrukih kruna, ispitati mogućnost unapređivanja postupka merenja sila razdvajanja dvostrukih kruna i predložiti mere za optimizaciju retencione sile kod teleskop parcijalnih proteza. Po završenoj izradi parcijalne proteze sa dvostrukim krunama jedino se može zaključiti da li je retenciona sila dovoljna ili ne, ali njena nominalna vrednost ostaje nepoznata. Optimalno ona treba da iznosi između 5 i 10N po pojedinačnom sidru. Prevelika retenciona sila parcijalne proteze uzrokuje traumatska oštećenja potpornog aparata zuba nosača, pri skidanju proteze, dok nedovoljna retenciona sila ne vezuje parcijalnu protezu za noseća tkiva u dovoljnoj meri. U radu je opisan mehanizam retencije kod teleskop i konus kruna i način merenja sile njihovog razdvajanja. U cilju optimizacije retencione sile opisani su načini redukcije prevelike, odnosno povećanja nedovoljne sile. U zaključku rada se ističe neophodnost poznavanja nominalne vrednosti retencione sile teleskop proteze i njeno dovođenje u granice optimalne sile

Stomatološki tretman starih ljudi sa hendikepom

Introduction. The growing population of the elderly people and a proportional increase in the number of the elderly with different types of disabilities, necessitates a multidisciplinary approach to the assessment of their oral health and dental treatment. The ultimate aim is to retain a pain-free functional dentition and decrease the risk of future disease. Material and Methods. A PubMed search was performed and the authors contributed their experience in implementing preventive and therapeutic measures. Oral health problems of the elderly with disabilities. Two main factors influence the oral health: multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Oral health problems expected in this population are teeth abrasion, teeth fractures, root caries, periodontitis and problems with wearing dentures due to stomatitis caused by Candida albicans. Oral health assessment and treatment guidelines. This article provides guidelines for assessment and treatment planning, taking into consideration multimorbidity, polypharmacy, dementia and capacity of caregivers. Preventive measures. Preventive measures are crucial for long-term oral health of this population, and this paper provides guidelines for preventive treatment depending on the degree of functional dependence. Prosthetic treatment. Although some elderly with disabilities are suitable for conventional prosthetic treatment, often there are contraindications and specific considerations that must be taken into account. Conclusion. Oral health needs of the elderly people with disabilities should not be neglected and the success of treatment depends on the education of dental professionals and cooperation with other health professionals of the medical team.Uvod. Zbog rastuće populacije starih ljudi i proporcionalnog povećanja učestalosti broja starih ljudi sa različitim tipovima hendikepa, multi disciplinarni pristup proceni njihovog oralnog zdravlja je neophodan. Krajnji cilj je postići funkcionalnu denticiju bez bolova i smanjiti rizik od budućih oboljenja. Materijal i metode. Pretraživanje literature u bazi PubMed je obavljeno, ali je takođe iskustvo autora u primeni preventivnih i terapijskih mera uzeto u obzir. Problemi oralnog zdravlja starih ljudi sa hendikepom. Dva glavna razloga imaju uticaj na oralno zdravlje: multi morbiditet i polifarmacija. Problemi oralnog zdravlja koji se očekuju u ovoj populaciji su abrazija zuba, frakture zuba, karijes korena, parodontopatija i problemi sa nošenjem proteza usled stomatitis uzrokovanog kandidom (Candida albicans). Procena oralnog zdravlja i smernice za planiranje tipa tretmana. Ovaj članak obezbeđuje korisne smernice za procenu i planiranje tretmana, uzimajući u obzir multi morbiditet, polifarmaciju, demenciju i kapacitet negovatelja. Preventivne mere. Preventivne mere su ključne za dugotrajni uspeh oralnog zdravlja ove populacije i ovde su prikazane smernice za preventivne mere u zavisnosti od stepena funkcionalne zavisnosti. Protetski tretman. Iako su neki stari ljudi sa hendikepom pogodni za konvencionalni protetski tretman, većina ovih pacijenata ima neke kontra indikacije i specifičnosti koje treba uzeti u obzir. Zaključak. Potrebe za oralnim zdravljem starih ljudi sa hendikepom ne smeju biti zanemarene, a uspeh tretmana zavisi od edukacije stomatologa kao i saradnje sa ostalim specijalistima medicinskog tima

Subjektivno vrednovanje i odnos prema dentalnom izgledu i estetici u odnosu na godine starosti, pol i stepen obrazovanja

Introduction Patient's subjective evaluation of dental appearance and aesthetics is becoming an increasingly important factor in aesthetic treatments and prosthetic therapy. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of age, education level, gender, and different dental status and the appearance of the upper anterior teeth (color, size, shape, position and alignment of the anterior teeth) on the satisfaction of the respondents with dental appearance and aesthetics of their upper anterior teeth and their desire for improvement. Methods The study encompassed 480 people aged 20 to 50 years with an average age of 30.84 years. There were 236 male and 244 female subjects. The respondents were interviewed using a questionnaire specially designed for the purpose of this research. For the study, the subjects were divided into the following three age groups: the younger age group (20-30 years of age), the middle age group (31-40 years of age), and the older age group (41-50 years of age). Results The conducted study did not reveal statistical significance with respect to gender in any of the examined parameters (p > 0.05). A little more than one half of the respondents in each age group were satisfied with their dental appearance and aesthetics (60.3% of the respondents in the age group of 20-30 years, 55.7% in the age group of 31-40, and 53.7% in the age group of 41-50 years of age). Satisfaction with dental appearance and aesthetics increases linearly with the increase in the level of education and was the highest among the respondents with university degree (33.3%). Conclusion Female respondents were more dissatisfied with their dental appearance and aesthetics as compared with male respondents, but the difference was found to be non-significant. Patients with higher education level were more satisfied with their dental appearance and aesthetics than those with lower education.Uvod Pacijentovo subjektivno vrednovanje dentalnog izgleda i estetike postaje sve važniji faktor prilikom estetskih tretmana i protetskih terapija. Cilj rada Cilj istraživanja bio je da istraži uticaj godina starosti, nivoa obrazovanja, pola ispitanika i različiti zubni status i izgled gornjih prednjih zuba (boja, veličina, oblik, poredak prednjih zuba) na zadovoljstvo ispitanika dentalnim izgledom i estetikom gornjih prednjih zuba i postojanje želje za unapređenjem dentalne estetike. Metode rada Istraživanje je sprovedeno na 480 osoba od 20 do 50 godina, prosečne starosti 30,84 godina. Bilo je 236 ispitanika muškog pola i 244 ispitanika ženskog pola. Ispitanici su intervjuisani putem upitnika specijalno napravljenog za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Za potrebe istraživanja ispitanici su podeljeni prema godinama starosti u tri starosne grupe: mlađa starosna grupa (20-30 godina), srednja starosna grupa (31-40 godina), starija starosna grupa (41-50 godina). Rezultati Sprovedena studija nije utvrdila statističku signifikantnost u odnosu na pol ni u jednom od ispitivanih parametara (p > 0,05). Polovina ispitanika u svakoj starosnoj grupi bila je zadovoljna dentalnim izgledom i estetikom: 60,3% ispitanika u starosnoj grupi 20-30 godina, 55,7% u starosnoj grupi 31-40 godina i 53,7% u starosnoj grupi 41-50 godina. Zadovoljstvo dentalnim izgledom i estetikom ima linearno pravilo porasta zadovoljstva sa porastom stepena obrazovanja i najveće je kod ispitanika sa završenim fakultetom (33,3%). Zaključak Žene su bile nezadovoljnije svojim dentalnim izgledom i estetikom u odnosu sa muškarce, ali razlika nije statistički značajna. Pacijenti sa visokim stepenom obrazovanja bili su zadovoljniji dentalnim izgledom i estetikom nego ispitanici sa nižim stepenom obrazovanja

Kvalitet života povezan sa oralnim zdravljem korisnika domova za stara lica u Srbiji

Background/Aim. Elderly residents in nursing homes have a great risk of periodontal and tooth diseases. Improving oral health can also improve residents' general health and quality of life. The objective of our study was to investigate oral health related quality of life of institutionalized elderly in Serbia using Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Methods. The Serbian version of the GOHAI questionnaire was developed in accordance with the recommended backward-forward method. A total of 301 participants completed the Serbian version of the GOHAI questionnaire. The questionnaire sought information about sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported perception of general and oral health. Clinical examination included assessment of periodontal and dental status. Reliability, internal consistency, and concurrent and convergent validity of GOHAI scores were examined. Results. There were 197 female and 104 male participants with the average age of 78.6 (SD ± 7.8) and average time spent in nursing home 4.9 (SD ± 4.7) years. The average score of the GOHAI was 48.4 (SD ± 8.4). Low GOHAI scores were associated with perceptions of poor oral and general health. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the Serbian version of GOHAI was 0.79. This instrument showed a high level of internal consistency and homogeneity between questions. The respondents who perceived that they needed dental treatment at the time had significantly lower GOHAI scores. A total of 48.5% of the participants reported 'always' having difficulties when chewing. On the other hand, a small number of participants (0.3%) used medications 'always' to relieve dental pain. Conclusion. The Serbian version of the GOHAI showed acceptable reliability and validity. The GOHAI final score was considered low, indicating low oral health self-perception by the institutionalized elderly in Serbia.Uvod/Cilj. Stariji korisnici domova za stara lica izloženi su velikom riziku od nastanka periodontalnih bolesti i bolesti zuba. Poboljšanje oralnog zdravlja može poboljšati opšte zdravlje i kvalitet života korisnika domova za stara lica. Cilj našeg istraživanja bio je da se ispita oralno zdravlje i njegova povezanost sa kvalitetom života korisnika domova za stara lica u Srbiji pomoću indeksa Geriatric Oral Health Assessment (GOHAI). Metode. Srpska verzija upitnika GOHAI razvijena je u skladu s preporučenom backward-forward metodom. Ukupno 301 ispitanik učestvovao je u studiji. Upitnik je sadržao pitanja o sociodemografskim karakteristikama i sopstvenoj percepciji oralnog i opšteg zdravlja. Klinički pregled uključivao je procenu periodontalnog i dentalnog statusa. Ispitivani su pouzdanost, interna konzistentnost i konkurentna i konvergentna valjanost upitnika GOHAI. Rezultati. Ispitano je 197 ženskih i 104 muška ispitanika, prosečne starosti od 78,6 (SD ± 7,8) godina sa prosečnim vremenom provedenim u domu od 4,9 (SD ± 4,7) godina. Prosečna vrednost skora GOHAI bila je 48,4 (SD ± 8,4). Nizak GOHAI bio je povezan s percepcijama lošeg oralnog i opšteg zdravlja. Koeficijent Cronbach alfa za srpsku verziju GOHAI iznosio je 0,79. Ovaj instrument je pokazao visok nivo interne konzistentnosti i homogenosti između pitanja. Ispitanici koji su imali potrebu za stomatološkom intervencijom pokazali su značajno niže GOHAI rezultate. Ukupno 48,5% ispitanika imalo je 'uvek' poteškoća u toku žvakanja. S druge strane, mali broj ispitanika (0,3%) 'uvek' koristi lekove za ublažavanje zubobolje. Zaključak. Srpska verzija GOHAI pokazala je prihvatljivu pouzdanost i validnost. Konačni GOHAI rezultat je nizak, što ukazuje na loše oralno zdravlje i sa njim povezan kvalitet života korisnika domova za stara lica u Srbiji

Applicability of a Serbian version of the “Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP)” index - assessment of oral health-related quality of life

Background/Aim. The Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) is a well-known psychometric test used internationally to assess the oral health-related quality of life. The interview and self-administrated questionnaire both assess the degree to which oral health problems have affected the life of the participants over the previous 6 months. The aim of this study was to translate the OIDP index into Serbian and to assess its reliability in practice as its initial verification in the Serbian speaking area. Methods. Following an internationally established methods, the OIDP scale was translated using standardized methodology that consisted of forward translation, pilot study and backward translation. Results. A pilot study was carried out with 44 respondents (24 males i 20 females) using a preliminar Serbian version of the OIDP index. All patients were aged over 65 years. A total of 68.2% of the participants replied that they had at least one OIDP impact on daily life in the past 6 months. These troubles were most prominent during eating (47.7%) and speaking (36.4%), but there is a little impact of troubles in the domain of psychosocial sphere. The corrected item-total correlation coefficients for all items were above the minimum recommended level of 0.20 for including an item in a scale. The standardized Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.75. Conclusion. Based on these results, we can conclude that this index is suitable for use in everyday practice in Serbian speaking area providing useful information required to assess oral health-related quality of life

Stavovi, znanje i praksa negovatelja u održavanju oralnog zdravlja korisnika domova za stara lica u Srbiji

Background/Aim. Within the elderly population, residents in nursing homes, there is a greather risk of caries, periodontal disease and teeth loss. Assistance of caregivers in maintaininig good oral hygiene besides improving oral health can improve of residents general health and the quality of their lives. The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes of caregivers and knowledge about oral health, as well as the practice regarding oral care they apply at nursing homes in Serbia. Methods. The survey was conducted at the Gerontology Center Belgrade, consisting of four nursing homes located in the urban area. The study included 58 caregivers. They were contacted on working days, in all work shifts, during January, February and March of 2013. They were asked to fill in a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 26 closed-type questions. Results. The care-givers mostly considered that it was very important to take care of oral health of the residents, but 69% responded that the level of their oral health was low or very low. As the main barriers to oral hygiene maintenance, the caregivers indicated lack of time. The caregivers had more knowledge about periodontal disease than about the main cause of caries and its prevention. Formal medical education had the influence on the knowledge about oral diseases. Oral hygiene procedures carried out by the mayority of caregivers were denture cleaning and tooth brushing. Conclusion. The caregivers were aware of the limitations in everyday oral care of nursing homes residents in Serbia, although solving these problems requires the involvement of the entire public health service.Uvod/Cilj. U grupi starijih osoba, stanovnika domova za stara lica, postoji povećani rizik od nastanka karijesa, periodontalne bolesti i gubitka zuba. Pomoć u održavanju dobre oralne higijene, pored toga, može uticati i na opšte zdravstveno stanje i kvalitet života stanovnika domova za stara lica. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispitaju stavovi i znanje negovatelja o oralnom zdravlju, kao i praksa koju primjenjuju u domovima za stara lica u Srbiji. Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u ustanovi Gerontološki Centar Beograd, koji se sastoji od četiri doma za stara lica, locirana u urbanom području. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 58 negovatelja, s kojima smo kontaktirali radnim danima, u svim radnim smenama, tokom januara, februara i marta 2013. godine. Oni su zamoljeni da samostalno ispune upitnik sastavljen od 26 pitanja zatvorenog tipa. Rezultati. Negovatelji uglavnom smatraju da je veoma važno brinuti se o oralnom zdravlju korisnika domova, ali 69% je odgovorilo da je nivo oralnog zdravlja korisnika nizak ili vrlo nizak. Za glavnu prepreku u održavanju oralne higijene korisnika domova, negovatelji su označili nedostatak vremena. Njegovatelji su imali više znanja o parodontalnim bolestima, nego o glavnom uzročniku karijesa i njegovoj prevenciji. Formalno medicinsko obrazovanje imalo je uticaj na njihovo znanje o oralnim bolestima. Čišćenje proteza i pranje zuba su najčešće primenjivani postupci negovatelja u održavanju oralne higijene korisnika domova. Zaključak. Negovatelji su svesni ograničenja u svakodnevnom održavanju oralnog zdravlja korisnika domova za stara lica u Srbiji, kao i da rešavanje tih problema zahteva uključivanje celokupnog javnog zdravstvenog sektora

IMPACT OF DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS ON THE YIELD AND FRUIT WEIGHT OF WATERMELONS

The paper presents the results of research on the impact of rootstocks of different origins on the yield and fruit weight of watermelons. Field research was conducted in 2021 at the Kobišnica site in the vicinity of Negotin, on chernozem soil. Two varieties of watermelon were used as a test material (namely, Mirsini F1 and Crimson sweet), as well as two rootstocks of different origins (namely, Emphasis F1 and Strong Tosa F1). Research results have showed that the average fruit weight of the yield per plant and the total yield of the Mirsini F1 variety grafted on the Emphasis F1 rootstock was higher than in the same variety grafted on the Strong Tosa F1 rootstock. The average fruit weight of yield per plant and the total yield of the Crimson sweet variety grafted on the Emphasis F1 rootstock has also showed better results in comparison to the same variety grafted on the Strong Tosa F1 rootstock.&nbsp

A preliminary evaluation of normative and realistic needs for prosthetic treatment among frail elderly patients in Serbia

Background/purpose: Common to all frail elderly patients in Serbia is the fact that only little or no attention is given to their dental care. A normative need for prosthetic treatment exists for all partially edentulous and edentulous patients who lack adequate prosthetic devices. The realistic need for treatment means the opportunity to perform the treatment that will be beneficial for each patient individually. The goal of this study was to determine the normative and realistic needs for prosthetic treatment among frail elderly patients in Serbia. Materials and methods: The study involved 117 elderly and frail patients provided service at the Geriatrics Institute in Belgrade, and among families in suburban municipalities. We determined the patients' dental status, cognitive status, general health condition, and desire for treatment. Results: Results showed that 82.9% of patients had normative need for prosthetic treatment. Realistic need for prosthetic treatment was significantly lower-that is 19.7% to 28.2% of patients can be provided appropriate prosthetic treatment in order to improve their oral functionality and quality of life. Conclusion: Although realistic need for prosthetic treatment is significantly lower than normative need, treatment shouldn't be denied to patients who can receive it, especially when the treatment recommended is less invasive