Prey Availability and Selection by Mountain Lions in the Aravaipa-Klondyke Area of Arizona

Prey selection by mountain lions (Felis concolor) in the Aravaipa-Klondyke area (2,000 km2) in southeastern Arizona was studied from February 1991 through September 1993. Overall diet from frequency of occurrence as determined from 370 scats was: 48% deer (white-tailed and mule deer combined), 34% cattle, 17% javelina, 6% rabbit (cottontail and jackrabbit), 4% rodent, and 2% desert bighorn. Using a correction factor developed by Ackerman et al. (1984), we also estimated percent biomass and proportion of individuals killed. With respect to biomass consumed, cattle was 44%, deer 40%, javelina 10.9%, rabbits 2.9%, and rodents 0.02%. Based on weights of prey consumed, proportion of individuals eaten changed to rabbits 52.7%, deer 16.3%, rodents 12%, javelinas 10% cattle 8%, and desert bighorn 0.5%. Comparisons with availability as determined from four separate four-day double-count helicopter surveys found that lions selected calves (ate more than expected based on availability alone), killed and ate less deer than expected, and javelina as would be expected

The structure of frontoparallel haptic space is task dependent

In three experiments, we investigated the structure of frontoparallel haptic space. In the first experiment, we asked blindfolded participants to rotate a matching bar so that it felt parallel to the reference bar, the bars could be at various positions in the frontoparallel plane. Large systematic errors were observed, in which orientations that were perceived to be parallel were not physically parallel. In two subsequent experiments, we investigated the origin of these errors. In Experiment 2, we asked participants to verbally report the orientation of haptically presented bars. In this task, participants made errors that were considerably smaller than those made in Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, we asked participants to set bars in a verbally instructed orientation, and they also made errors significantly smaller than those observed in Experiment 1. The data suggest that the errors in the matching task originate from the transfer of the reference orientation to the matching-bar position

PREY AVAILABILITY AND SELECTION BY MOUNTAIN LIONS IN ARAVAIPA-KLONDYKE AREA OF ARIZONA

Prey selection by mountain lions (Felis concolor) in the Aravaipa-Klondyke area (2,000 km) in southeastern Arizona was studied from February 1991 through September 1993. Overall diet from frequency of occurrence as determined from 370 scats was: 48% deer (white-tailed and mule deer combined), 34% cattle, 17% javelinas, 6% rabbit (cottontail and jackrabbit), 4% rodent, and 2% desert bighorn. Using a correction factor developed by Ackerman et al. (1984), we also estimated percent biomass and proportion of individuals killed. With respect to biomass consumed, cattle was 44%, deer 40%, javelinas 10.9%, rabbits 2.9%, and rodents 0.02%. Based on weights of prey consumed, proportion of individuals eaten changed to rabbits 52.7%, deer 16.3%, rodents 12%, javelinas 10% cattle 8%, and desert bighorn 0.5% Comparisons with availability as determined from four separate four-day double-count helicopter surveys found that lions selected calves (ate more than expected based on availability alone), killed and ate less deer than expected, and javelinas as would be expected

A Parallel Distributed Approach to Parsing Natural Language Deterministically

The Determinism Hypothesis (Marcus, 1980) has given rise to much debate. The hypothesis makes explicit the idea that Natural Language interpretation need not depend in any fundamental way on the use of pseudo-parallelism or backtracking. We are exploring the consequences of this hypothesis in attempting to develop approaches to parsing which integrates current work in parallel distributed adaptive networks. We follow the basic approach of Wait-and-See parsing (WASP) which has shown the Natural Language interpretation of all but some varieties of garden-path sentences can be deterministically performed using a stack, a buffer for sentence constituents, and partitioned packets of rules. Specifically, we replace the rule packets with a single neural network and train the network with an appropriate training set. Training sets derive from either examples of existing WASP grammars or from traces of sentence processing

PREY AVAILABILITY AND SELECTION BY MOUNTAIN LIONS IN ARAVAIPA-KLONDYKE AREA OF ARIZONA

Prey selection by mountain lions (Felis concolor) in the Aravaipa-Klondyke area (2,000 km) in southeastern Arizona was studied from February 1991 through September 1993. Overall diet from frequency of occurrence as determined from 370 scats was: 48% deer (white-tailed and mule deer combined), 34% cattle, 17% javelinas, 6% rabbit (cottontail and jackrabbit), 4% rodent, and 2% desert bighorn. Using a correction factor developed by Ackerman et al. (1984), we also estimated percent biomass and proportion of individuals killed. With respect to biomass consumed, cattle was 44%, deer 40%, javelinas 10.9%, rabbits 2.9%, and rodents 0.02%. Based on weights of prey consumed, proportion of individuals eaten changed to rabbits 52.7%, deer 16.3%, rodents 12%, javelinas 10% cattle 8%, and desert bighorn 0.5% Comparisons with availability as determined from four separate four-day double-count helicopter surveys found that lions selected calves (ate more than expected based on availability alone), killed and ate less deer than expected, and javelinas as would be expected

Dimensional Crossover of Dilute Neon inside Infinitely Long Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Viewed from Specific Heats

A simple formula for coordinates of carbon atoms in a unit cell of a single-walled nanotube (SWNT) is presented and the potential of neon (Ne) inside an infinitely long SWNT is analytically derived under the assumption of pair-wise Lennard-Jones potential between Ne and carbon atoms. Specific heats of dilute Ne inside infinitely long (5, 5), (10, 10), (15, 15) and (20, 20) SWNT's are calculated at different temperatures. It is found that Ne inside four kinds of nanotubes exhibits 3-dimensional (3D) gas behavior at high temperature but different behaviors at low temperature: Ne inside (5, 5) nanotube behaves as 1D gas but inside (10, 10), (15, 15), and (20, 20) nanotubes behaves as 2D gas. Furthermore, at ultra low temperature, Ne inside (5, 5) nanotube still displays 1D behavior but inside (10, 10), (15, 15), and (20, 20) nanotubes behaves as lattice gas.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure