SHOULD WE REALLOCATE PATENT FEES TO THE UNIVERSITIES ?

: In knowledge economies, patent agencies are often viewed as a relevant instrument of an efficient innovation policy. This paper brings a new support to that idea. We claim that these agencies should play an increasing role in the regulation of the relation between heterogeneous private R&D labs and public fundamental research units, especially concerning the question of the appropriation of free basic research results. Since these two institutions work with opposite institutional arrangements (see Dasgupta and David [9]), we essentially argue that there is, on the one hand, an over-appropriation of these results while, on the other hand, there is also an under-provision of free usable results issued from more fundamental research. We show how a public patent office can restore efficiency.Science and technology; patent agency; innovation policy

ON THE COORDINATION OF THE EUROPEAN AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL AND WATER INTERNALIZING POLICIES

The point of departure of this work is the lack of coordination of European environmental internalizing policies. At the national level, while the water authority generally has to internalize the negative externalities of water extraction, the agricultural one aims at encouraging environmentally friendly one. More locally, considering an aquifer as being the only vector of environmental effects, we show that the externalities occurring can compensate themselves in such a way that the open-loop Nash game played by the two distinct authorities in charge of these policies is inefficient. In this special case, we propose to implement a coordinated policy based on a double fiscal scheme also showed budget balanced.water policy; agricultural policy; externalities

Doit-on réguler l'appropriation des connaissances ?

Nous proposons dans ce travail de considérer le stock de connaissances exploitables par des laboratoires privés à des fins de dépôts de brevets comme un commun dont l'évolution au cours du temps dépend à la fois du nombre de brevets déposés et d'un co-produit des activités de recherche de l'Université. Nous montrons tout d'abord que la compétition entre les laboratoires supposés stratégiques génère, à court terme, une sur-appropriation du stock de connaissances dont l'effet, à long terme, est de réduire les possibilités de dépôts de brevets. Nous montrons ensuite que la taxation des dépôts de brevets constitue un outil efficace de régulation du processus de privatisation des connaissances

ON THE COORDINATION OF THE EUROPEAN AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL AND WATER INTERNALIZING POLICIES

The point of departure of this work is the lack of coordination of European environmental internalizing policies. At the national level, while the water authority generally has to internalize the negative externalities of water extraction, the agricultural one aims at encouraging environmentally friendly one. More locally, considering an aquifer as being the only vector of environmental effects, we show that the externalities occurring can compensate themselves in such a way that the open-loop Nash game played by the two distinct authorities in charge of these policies is inefficient. In this special case, we propose to implement a coordinated policy based on a double fiscal scheme also showed budget balanced

SHOULD WE REALLOCATE PATENT FEES TO THE UNIVERSITIES ?

In knowledge economies, patent agencies are often viewed as a relevant instrument of an efficient innovation policy. This paper brings a new support to that idea. We claim that these agencies should play an increasing role in the regulation of the relation between heterogeneous private R&D labs and public fundamental research units, especially concerning the question of the appropriation of free basic research results. Since these two institutions work with opposite institutional arrangements (see Dasgupta and David [9]), we essentially argue that there is, on the one hand, an over-appropriation of these results while, on the other hand, there is also an under-provision of free usable results issued from more fundamental research. We show how a public patent office can restore efficiency

Doit-on réguler l'appropriation des connaissances ?

Nous proposons dans ce travail de considérer le stock de connaissances exploitables par des laboratoires privés à des fins de dépôts de brevets comme un commun dont l'évolution au cours du temps dépend à la fois du nombre de brevets déposés et d'un co-produit des activités de recherche de l'Université. Nous montrons tout d'abord que la compétition entre les laboratoires supposés stratégiques génère, à court terme, une sur-appropriation du stock de connaissances dont l'effet, à long terme, est de réduire les possibilités de dépôts de brevets. Nous montrons ensuite que la taxation des dépôts de brevets constitue un outil efficace de régulation du processus de privatisation des connaissances.Science et technologie ; brevet ; ressource en bien commun;

Computation and optimal perturbation of finite-time coherent sets for aperiodic flows without trajectory integration

Understanding the macroscopic behavior of dynamical systems is an important tool to unravel transport mechanisms in complex flows. A decomposition of the state space into coherent sets is a popular way to reveal this essential macroscopic evolution. To compute coherent sets from an aperiodic time-dependent dynamical system we consider the relevant transfer operators and their infinitesimal generators on an augmented space-time manifold. This space-time generator approach avoids trajectory integration, and creates a convenient linearization of the aperiodic evolution. This linearization can be further exploited to create a simple and effective spectral optimization methodology for diminishing or enhancing coherence. We obtain explicit solutions for these optimization problems using Lagrange multipliers and illustrate this technique by increasing and decreasing mixing of spatial regions through small velocity field perturbations

Randomised one-step time integration methods for deterministic operator differential equations

Uncertainty quantification plays an important role in problems that involve inferring a parameter of an initial value problem from observations of the solution. Conrad et al. (Stat Comput 27(4):1065–1082, 2017) proposed randomisation of deterministic time integration methods as a strategy for quantifying uncertainty due to the unknown time discretisation error. We consider this strategy for systems that are described by deterministic, possibly time-dependent operator differential equations defined on a Banach space or a Gelfand triple. Our main results are strong error bounds on the random trajectories measured in Orlicz norms, proven under a weaker assumption on the local truncation error of the underlying deterministic time integration method. Our analysis establishes the theoretical validity of randomised time integration for differential equations in infinite-dimensional settings